<p>Entomophagy, the practice of consuming insects, can be a sustainable solution to the global food scarcity issue, owing to their high nutritional value, therapeutic potential, and low investment cost. The major tribes of Assam are the Bodo, Mishing, Rabha, Karbi, Tiwa, Koch-Rajbongshi, and Ahom. Among these communities, insect consumption is popular due to their indigenous knowledge and traditional practices. This review presents comprehensive data on a total of 82 edible insect species, spanning 65 genera and 9 orders, that are consumed by the local communities in Assam, highlighting the multiple socio-economic and cultural factors that influence the use of insects as food in various forms and as therapeutics as well. The compilation revealed that Orthopteran insects are the most consumed (26 species), followed by Hymenopteran (15 species) and Coleopteran insects (14 species). This systematic review serves as a bridge to convey the traditional information and perspectives of the ethnic groups in Assam to the World, and the presented data were gathered from scholarly articles published between 2012 and 2025.</p>