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<p>The status of insecticidal resistance was tested by selecting five widely used insecticides (flubendiamide, lufenuron, emamectin benzoate, chlorpyrifos and profenofos) during six consecutive years, i.e., 2016 to 2021 by using leaf dip bioassay method against <i>Spodoptera litura</i> at Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. The LC<sub>50</sub> values of <i>S. litura</i> populations ranged from 18.04 to 24.32&#xa0;µl/L for flubendiamide, 15.37 to 26.41&#xa0;µl/L for lufenuron, 18.21 to 22.73&#xa0;µl/L for emamectin benzoate, 13.99 to 17.34&#xa0;µl/L for chlorpyrifos, and 65.1 to 67.9&#xa0;µl/L for profenofos, indicating varying degrees of susceptibility. From 2016 to 2021, very low resistance (RR ≤ 10) was recorded against flubendiamide and chlorpyrifos, while moderate resistance (RR &gt; 21–50) was observed against profenofos. Based on the cumulative resistance ratio, moderate resistance was recorded against profenofos (22.26) and lufenuron (22.04) in <i>S. litura</i>, followed by low resistance against emamectin benzoate (15.88), and very low resistance against flubendiamide (9.14) and chlorpyrifos (3.15). The present study found that <i>S. litura</i> has a frequently rising insecticidal resistance trend. Failure to manage resistance could lead to reduced effectiveness of chemical control, increased pest outbreaks, and greater economic losses for farmers.</p>

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Status of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on cauliflower, Punjab, Pakistan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Dilbar Hussain,
  • Muhammad Sohail Qadir,
  • Muhammad Asrar,
  • Muhammad Saleem,
  • Usama Saleem,
  • Zeeshan Javed,
  • Kanwal Hanif,
  • Arshed Makhdoom Sabir,
  • Ijaz Haider,
  • Muhammad Jawad Saleem,
  • Muhammad Bilal Bin Iqbal

摘要

The status of insecticidal resistance was tested by selecting five widely used insecticides (flubendiamide, lufenuron, emamectin benzoate, chlorpyrifos and profenofos) during six consecutive years, i.e., 2016 to 2021 by using leaf dip bioassay method against Spodoptera litura at Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. The LC50 values of S. litura populations ranged from 18.04 to 24.32 µl/L for flubendiamide, 15.37 to 26.41 µl/L for lufenuron, 18.21 to 22.73 µl/L for emamectin benzoate, 13.99 to 17.34 µl/L for chlorpyrifos, and 65.1 to 67.9 µl/L for profenofos, indicating varying degrees of susceptibility. From 2016 to 2021, very low resistance (RR ≤ 10) was recorded against flubendiamide and chlorpyrifos, while moderate resistance (RR > 21–50) was observed against profenofos. Based on the cumulative resistance ratio, moderate resistance was recorded against profenofos (22.26) and lufenuron (22.04) in S. litura, followed by low resistance against emamectin benzoate (15.88), and very low resistance against flubendiamide (9.14) and chlorpyrifos (3.15). The present study found that S. litura has a frequently rising insecticidal resistance trend. Failure to manage resistance could lead to reduced effectiveness of chemical control, increased pest outbreaks, and greater economic losses for farmers.