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<p>Cockroaches serve as both allergens and disease vectors.The use of chemical pesticide to control cockroaches poses risk to both human as well as other organism. Therefore, alternative method is required to control <i>Periplaneta americana</i>.Identifying new option is necessary in order to either reduce disease-carrying cockroaches.This study investigate the repellent activity of leaf and fruit powder of <i>Citrullus colocynthis</i> against the American cockroach.The contact toxicity of leaf and fruit extracts of bitter apple (<i>Citrullus colocynthis</i> Schrad L.) was also screened by topical application and filter paper contact in laboratory.The leaf and fruit powders possessed strong repellent action. Fruit extract induced highly significant contact toxic effects against <i>P. americana</i> adults after 24 and 48&#xa0;h exposure.<i>Citrullus colocynthis</i> fruit extract (LC₅₀ = 1.767% after 24&#xa0;h; 100% mortality at 48–72&#xa0;h) was more effective on the cockroaches than the leaf extract (LC₅₀ = 2.695%, 2.136%, 1.78% for 24, 48, 72&#xa0;h). The fruit extract also showed stronger repellent activity and contact toxicity than the leaf extract; 69.5% to 93.2% and 30% to 80% for the fruit and 70.32% to 89.25% for the leaf extract. Topical application of the fruit extract resulted in 100% mortality within 24&#xa0;h while for the leaf extract 100% mortality was obtained after 72&#xa0;h. Overall all treatments were effective but the fruit extract of <i>C.colocynthis</i> was more potent. Plant based organic pesticides are recommended based on the negative effects of pesticides on the human health and environment.</p>

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Evaluation of repellent and contact toxic effects of Citrullus colocynthis against the Periplaneta americana

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Adeena Malik,
  • Khalid Mehmood,
  • Muhammad Sajid Nadeem

摘要

Cockroaches serve as both allergens and disease vectors.The use of chemical pesticide to control cockroaches poses risk to both human as well as other organism. Therefore, alternative method is required to control Periplaneta americana.Identifying new option is necessary in order to either reduce disease-carrying cockroaches.This study investigate the repellent activity of leaf and fruit powder of Citrullus colocynthis against the American cockroach.The contact toxicity of leaf and fruit extracts of bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis Schrad L.) was also screened by topical application and filter paper contact in laboratory.The leaf and fruit powders possessed strong repellent action. Fruit extract induced highly significant contact toxic effects against P. americana adults after 24 and 48 h exposure.Citrullus colocynthis fruit extract (LC₅₀ = 1.767% after 24 h; 100% mortality at 48–72 h) was more effective on the cockroaches than the leaf extract (LC₅₀ = 2.695%, 2.136%, 1.78% for 24, 48, 72 h). The fruit extract also showed stronger repellent activity and contact toxicity than the leaf extract; 69.5% to 93.2% and 30% to 80% for the fruit and 70.32% to 89.25% for the leaf extract. Topical application of the fruit extract resulted in 100% mortality within 24 h while for the leaf extract 100% mortality was obtained after 72 h. Overall all treatments were effective but the fruit extract of C.colocynthis was more potent. Plant based organic pesticides are recommended based on the negative effects of pesticides on the human health and environment.