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<p>Many species of the genus <i>Culicoides</i> Latreille are significant pests and vectors transmitting diverse pathogens that cause important diseases such as African horse sickness and bluetongue. However, the habitats of many immature <i>Culicoides</i> Latreille species are unknown despite critical importance for understanding epidemiology of diseases. We examined immature habitats of <i>Culicoides</i> from the Northeastern Thailand. <i>Culicoides</i> specimens and soil physicochemical parameters were examined from 14 sampling sites classified into three categories: abandoned rice field, water margin and animal shelter. In total, 2,733 specimens (1,456 females and 1,277 males) were collected. Morphological identification assisted by DNA barcoding sequences revealed six species. The most abundant was <i>C. oxystoma</i> representing 62.8% (<i>n</i> = 1,716) of the total collection followed by <i>C. mahasarakhamense</i> (<i>n</i> = 560, 20.5%) and <i>C. huffi</i> Causey (<i>n</i> = 365, 14.9%). The remaining three species were less frequent: <i>C. shortti</i> (<i>n</i> = 29, 1.1%), <i>C. peregrinus</i> (<i>n</i> = 20, 0.8%) and <i>C. actoni</i> (<i>n</i> = 2, 0.07%). More (64%) adults emerged during the daytime than at night, possibly due to higher soil temperature. All of the <i>Culicoides</i> species were found in more than one habitat types except <i>C. shortti</i> that occur only in abandoned rice field. However, the majority (94%) of <i>C. oxystoma</i> was found around animal shelters while <i>C. mahasarakhamense</i> (93%) was collected from abandoned rice fields. This result indicates a certain degree of species specific habitat stenotopy. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that <i>C. oxystoma</i> tended to occur in habitats with higher conductivity, soil temperature and sand content while <i>C. mahasarakhamense</i>, <i>C. peregrinus</i>, <i>C. shortti</i> and <i>C. actoni</i> preferred areas with higher moisture, organic matter and clay content. In contrast, habitats of <i>C. huffi</i> had higher pH and silt levels. This information can be used to determine the area for controlling these <i>Culicoides</i> species using the habitat alteration method.</p>

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Immature habitats of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Northeastern Thailand

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Bhuvadol Gomontean,
  • Wannachai Wannasingha,
  • Ronnalit Mintara,
  • Pairot Pramual

摘要

Many species of the genus Culicoides Latreille are significant pests and vectors transmitting diverse pathogens that cause important diseases such as African horse sickness and bluetongue. However, the habitats of many immature Culicoides Latreille species are unknown despite critical importance for understanding epidemiology of diseases. We examined immature habitats of Culicoides from the Northeastern Thailand. Culicoides specimens and soil physicochemical parameters were examined from 14 sampling sites classified into three categories: abandoned rice field, water margin and animal shelter. In total, 2,733 specimens (1,456 females and 1,277 males) were collected. Morphological identification assisted by DNA barcoding sequences revealed six species. The most abundant was C. oxystoma representing 62.8% (n = 1,716) of the total collection followed by C. mahasarakhamense (n = 560, 20.5%) and C. huffi Causey (n = 365, 14.9%). The remaining three species were less frequent: C. shortti (n = 29, 1.1%), C. peregrinus (n = 20, 0.8%) and C. actoni (n = 2, 0.07%). More (64%) adults emerged during the daytime than at night, possibly due to higher soil temperature. All of the Culicoides species were found in more than one habitat types except C. shortti that occur only in abandoned rice field. However, the majority (94%) of C. oxystoma was found around animal shelters while C. mahasarakhamense (93%) was collected from abandoned rice fields. This result indicates a certain degree of species specific habitat stenotopy. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that C. oxystoma tended to occur in habitats with higher conductivity, soil temperature and sand content while C. mahasarakhamense, C. peregrinus, C. shortti and C. actoni preferred areas with higher moisture, organic matter and clay content. In contrast, habitats of C. huffi had higher pH and silt levels. This information can be used to determine the area for controlling these Culicoides species using the habitat alteration method.