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<p>Honey has been one of the most nutritious and palatable natural foods of humans for centuries. In addition to honey, bees secrete beeswax, a vital substance used to construct comb cells within the hive. Existing control strategies often involve the destruction of entire colonies, making it difficult to manage this pest without harming the bees themselves. In the current investigation, <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> isolates from soil samples and the Greater Wax Moth cadaver were evaluated for their entomopathogenicity against <i>Galleria mellonella</i>. Among them, the <i>B</i>. <i>thuringiensis</i> strain NBAIR BtVGa1 demonstrated the highest effectiveness, with an LC₅₀ value of 4.36&#xa0;µg/ml. Since the NBAIR BtVGa1 strain effectively controls <i>G. mellonella</i> and is biologically safe for honey bee larvae and adults, plasmid sequencing was performed using Illumina short-read technology to better understand the genetic basis of its insecticidal activity. This allowed the identification of pesticidal proteins and provided insights into their genetic diversity. The assembled plasmid genome contained 335 protein-coding genes and one tRNA. The insecticidal gene profiling confirmed the presence of <i>cry1Ab14</i>, <i>cry1Ab8</i>, <i>cry2Ah9</i>, <i>cry1Ac6</i>, <i>cry1Gc1</i>, <i>cry1Ia44</i>, <i>cry2Am1</i>, <i>cry2Aa9</i>, <i>cry1Ac20</i>, <i>cry1Aa6</i>, <i>vip3Aa7</i>, zwittermicin A resistance genes, <i>mpp46Ab1</i>, <i>mtx</i> gene (<i>vpb4Ca1</i>) in the NBAIR BtVGa1 plasmid. Studies on the biosafety of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> strain NBAIR BtVGa1 demonstrated that it caused less than 3% mortality in honeybee larvae and adults.</p>

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Plasmid profiling and bio-efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis NBAIR BtVGa1 on Galleria mellonella L. and its biosafety on Apis cerana F.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月28日

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  • H. S. Venu,
  • A. N. Shylesha,
  • S. Ruqiya,
  • K. T. Shivakumara,
  • S. Nanditha,
  • B. S. Gotyal,
  • R. S. Ramya,
  • A. Kandan,
  • C. Manjunatha

摘要

Honey has been one of the most nutritious and palatable natural foods of humans for centuries. In addition to honey, bees secrete beeswax, a vital substance used to construct comb cells within the hive. Existing control strategies often involve the destruction of entire colonies, making it difficult to manage this pest without harming the bees themselves. In the current investigation, Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from soil samples and the Greater Wax Moth cadaver were evaluated for their entomopathogenicity against Galleria mellonella. Among them, the B. thuringiensis strain NBAIR BtVGa1 demonstrated the highest effectiveness, with an LC₅₀ value of 4.36 µg/ml. Since the NBAIR BtVGa1 strain effectively controls G. mellonella and is biologically safe for honey bee larvae and adults, plasmid sequencing was performed using Illumina short-read technology to better understand the genetic basis of its insecticidal activity. This allowed the identification of pesticidal proteins and provided insights into their genetic diversity. The assembled plasmid genome contained 335 protein-coding genes and one tRNA. The insecticidal gene profiling confirmed the presence of cry1Ab14, cry1Ab8, cry2Ah9, cry1Ac6, cry1Gc1, cry1Ia44, cry2Am1, cry2Aa9, cry1Ac20, cry1Aa6, vip3Aa7, zwittermicin A resistance genes, mpp46Ab1, mtx gene (vpb4Ca1) in the NBAIR BtVGa1 plasmid. Studies on the biosafety of Bacillus thuringiensis strain NBAIR BtVGa1 demonstrated that it caused less than 3% mortality in honeybee larvae and adults.