<p>In 2017, unprecedented outbreaks of California red scale (CRS) were reported on citrus in various regions of Tunisia. This research aims to study the bioecology of CRS under Tunisian conditions to establish an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach for effective and sustainable control. The study was conducted over nearly two years (2021-2022) in two key citrus regions: Cap-Bon and Mornag. The current state of CRS in Tunisia was assessed, along with its population dynamics, natural regulatory factors, and damage. CRS population phenology and damage were monitored through sex trapping and sampling of leaves and fruits throughout the year. Parasitoid activity was estimated, and parasitized scales were reared until adult emergence. Our data showed that CRS has changed its status to a major pest. CRS populations displayed 4-5 generations annually, peaking during late spring to early summer, with a possible autumn recovery. In summer, natural mortality in Mornag was very high, exceeding 95% for all stages due to high temperatures above 40°C. In Mraissa (Cap-Bon), a coastal zone, the effect of high temperatures wasn’t so drastic, and mortality was around 60-70%. Therefore, high summer temperatures can influence CRS abundance and dynamics. The parasitoid activity of <i>Aphytis melinus</i> and <i>Comperiella bifasciata</i> was crucial in regulating CRS populations, especially in Mraissa. The study highlights the significance of conserving natural enemies in implementing an IPM strategy to manage CRS while preserving the ecological balance of citrus orchards. If necessary, insecticide sprays should utilize mineral oils, which are compatible with preservation efforts auxiliaries.</p>