Using plant extracts in search of eco-friendly insecticides proved potent against many pests. Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is a common and most damaging insect worldwide. This insect is dangerous to grains and foodstuffs like flour and dried fruits. The effect of two extracts from Eugenia aromatica was deliberated on both larval and adult stages of T. castaneum. The petroleum ether and acetone extract of Eugenia aromatica were extracted and their chemical constituents were identified. The main ingredients of petroleum ether extract were Eugenol (61.69%), Eugenol acetate (21.29%), Trans-Caryophyllene (11.9%), and α-humulene (4.62%). Moreover, the main components of the acetone extract were Eugenol (88.53%), Eugenol acetate (4.91%), Trans-Caryophyllene (3.62%), and α-humulene (0.98%). Third larval instar and two-week-old adults of T. castaneum were subjected to five concentrations of the two selected compounds under investigation. The procedures were replicated three times for each concentration, and twenty-five individuals were used for each replicate. Average larval mortality rates were subjected to probit model analysis for calculating LC50 and LC95. The toxicity values of the petroleum ether and acetone extracts of E. aromatica against 3rd larval instar of T. castaneum based on LC50 and LC95 show that petroleum ether extract was more effective than acetone extract (LC50 = 4.6% and LC95 = 22.4%). Also, the estimated toxicity values of LC50 and LC95 against T. castaneum adults showed that petroleum ether extract was the most effective (LC50 = 27.3% and LC95 = 78.0%). A negative relationship existed between the average number of eggs laid and the concentration of extracts used. Regarding hatchability, both tested extracts significantly reduce hatchability compared with the control at LC50 levels. After treatment with LC50 the two E. aromatica extracts under investigation, a significant elevation in the total protein and carbohydrate of adult body homogenate was induced; nevertheless, a significant diminution was detected in total lipid compared to negative and positive controls. The repressive effect of the two extracts on the biology and biochemical metabolites recommend their use as eco-friendly control agents against a serious economic insect, T. castaneum.

Comparative effectiveness of Eugenia aromatica extracts on Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

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发表日期：

2025年2月14日

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Karima S. Khater,
Wafa A. H. Alkherb,
Dina F. Alhashdi,
Ibrahim F. Shoukry,
Abdel-Aziz E. Abdel-Aziz,
Nora A. Saad

摘要

Using plant extracts in search of eco-friendly insecticides proved potent against many pests. Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is a common and most damaging insect worldwide. This insect is dangerous to grains and foodstuffs like flour and dried fruits. The effect of two extracts from Eugenia aromatica was deliberated on both larval and adult stages of T. castaneum. The petroleum ether and acetone extract of Eugenia aromatica were extracted and their chemical constituents were identified. The main ingredients of petroleum ether extract were Eugenol (61.69%), Eugenol acetate (21.29%), Trans-Caryophyllene (11.9%), and α-humulene (4.62%). Moreover, the main components of the acetone extract were Eugenol (88.53%), Eugenol acetate (4.91%), Trans-Caryophyllene (3.62%), and α-humulene (0.98%). Third larval instar and two-week-old adults of T. castaneum were subjected to five concentrations of the two selected compounds under investigation. The procedures were replicated three times for each concentration, and twenty-five individuals were used for each replicate. Average larval mortality rates were subjected to probit model analysis for calculating LC₅₀ and LC₉₅. The toxicity values of the petroleum ether and acetone extracts of E. aromatica against 3rd larval instar of T. castaneum based on LC₅₀ and LC₉₅ show that petroleum ether extract was more effective than acetone extract (LC₅₀ = 4.6% and LC₉₅ = 22.4%). Also, the estimated toxicity values of LC₅₀ and LC₉₅ against T. castaneum adults showed that petroleum ether extract was the most effective (LC₅₀ = 27.3% and LC₉₅ = 78.0%). A negative relationship existed between the average number of eggs laid and the concentration of extracts used. Regarding hatchability, both tested extracts significantly reduce hatchability compared with the control at LC₅₀ levels. After treatment with LC₅₀ the two E. aromatica extracts under investigation, a significant elevation in the total protein and carbohydrate of adult body homogenate was induced; nevertheless, a significant diminution was detected in total lipid compared to negative and positive controls. The repressive effect of the two extracts on the biology and biochemical metabolites recommend their use as eco-friendly control agents against a serious economic insect, T. castaneum.