RNA interference of Sitobion avenae voltage-gated sodium channels for improved grain aphid resistance

Sitobion avenae presents a major challenge, leading to significant reductions in wheat yield per year. This study aimed to explore the potential of targeting Voltage-gated Sodium Channels (VGSCs) in S. avenae through RNA interference (RNAi) as a means to combat this pest. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis differential expression resulted in the identification of peroxidase, Synaptotagmin, and VGSCs as RNAi targets in S. avenae. VGSCs gene was further selected as an RNAi target; essential transmembrane proteins crucial for nerve cell action potentials: and also, a commercial insecticide target. VGSCs were amplified by reverse transcriptase PCR, sequenced, and deposited in Gen Bank. The ID allotted was OR777606. ERNAi tool was utilized to generate 143 small interfering RNA sequences and one double-stranded RNA target. Phylogenetic analysis revealed evolutionary links between the VGSCs gene in S. avenae and related aphid species like Myzus persicae, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and Diuraphis noxia. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed S. avenae mortality, decreased fecundity, and shortened lifespan; attributable to the down-regulation of VGSCs gene expression (35%), and mortality up to 61% among 3rd instar nymphs. Adult S. avenae exposed to dsVGSCs during their 3rd nymph stage exhibit reduced reproducibility and longevity (surviving less than 20 days). The findings suggest VGSCs as a promising RNAi target; having a potential for agricultural pest management.