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<p>The individual evaluation of social threats and government countermeasures depends on social group dynamics between those who pose the threat and those who evaluate the threat. Previous political-psychological research has shown that this can lead to increased support for repressive anti-terror measures when they affect an outgroup. This study examines the extent to which this applies to the political discourse on extremism in Germany. Here, it is not immediately clear which group affiliations are relevant, as there is political disagreement as to whether all forms of extremism should be considered equally important to combat, whether some should be prioritized, and whether the concept of extremism should be used at all. In two online experiments with German citizens, participants’ support for repressive measures against right-wing extremism, left-wing extremism and Islamism was examined and analyzed regarding their political right-left orientation. The results indicate that support for repressive measures is partially dependent on political orientation and that individuals located in the wings of the spectrum differentiate more strongly between the different types of extremism than those who see themselves as the political center. Measures against Islamism are treated similarly to those against left-wing extremism. The results are presented against the backdrop of current debates surrounding extremism in Germany, limitations of the study are described, and an outlook on future research possibilities is given.</p>

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Der Extremismusbegriff aus Sicht der Bevölkerung: Ein Umfrageexperiment zur Relevanz der individuellen politischen Orientierung für die Bewertung verschiedener Extremismen in Deutschland

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  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月1日

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  • Mona Sarina Klöckner

摘要

The individual evaluation of social threats and government countermeasures depends on social group dynamics between those who pose the threat and those who evaluate the threat. Previous political-psychological research has shown that this can lead to increased support for repressive anti-terror measures when they affect an outgroup. This study examines the extent to which this applies to the political discourse on extremism in Germany. Here, it is not immediately clear which group affiliations are relevant, as there is political disagreement as to whether all forms of extremism should be considered equally important to combat, whether some should be prioritized, and whether the concept of extremism should be used at all. In two online experiments with German citizens, participants’ support for repressive measures against right-wing extremism, left-wing extremism and Islamism was examined and analyzed regarding their political right-left orientation. The results indicate that support for repressive measures is partially dependent on political orientation and that individuals located in the wings of the spectrum differentiate more strongly between the different types of extremism than those who see themselves as the political center. Measures against Islamism are treated similarly to those against left-wing extremism. The results are presented against the backdrop of current debates surrounding extremism in Germany, limitations of the study are described, and an outlook on future research possibilities is given.