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<p>The present study investigates the synthesis, characterization and agronomic performance of MgFe₂O₄ nanofertilizer for enhancing the growth and yield of fenugreek (<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i> L.). MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol–gel method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX/EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel MgFe₂O₄ phase with an average crystallite size of 7.42&#xa0;nm, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed aggregated nanoparticles with an average particle size of 92.9&#xa0;nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX/EDS) confirmed the presence of Mg, Fe and O elements, FTIR analysis verified the characteristic metal–oxygen vibrations of the spinel structure DLS Dynamic light scattering used for hydrodynamic particle size analysis of MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticle. the agronomic efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated through seed germination, vegetative growth and chlorophyll content studies in fenugreek. MgFe₂O₄ nanofertilizer significantly enhanced seed germination from 75% in the control to 100% at optimal concentrations (600–800&#xa0;mg/L). The maximum seed vigor index (560) and seedling length (5.6&#xa0;cm) were recorded at 800&#xa0;mg/L. Foliar application at 600&#xa0;mg/L produced the highest plant height (29.2&#xa0;cm), root length (11.0&#xa0;cm), number of leaves (28.4) and stem width (0.5&#xa0;cm). Total chlorophyll content increased approximately threefold compared with the control, reaching 10.5&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup> at the optimum concentration. These improvements are attributed to the enhanced availability and uptake of magnesium and iron supplied by the nanostructured fertilizer. The findings demonstrate that MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles represent a promising and sustainable nanofertilizer for improving nutrient-use efficiency, plant growth and productivity in fenugreek cultivation.</p>

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Nanostructured magnesium ferrite (MgFe₂O₄) as an efficient nanofertilizer for improving growth performance and yield of fenugreek

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Dipali R. Ingavale,
  • Panditrao D. Shiragave

摘要

The present study investigates the synthesis, characterization and agronomic performance of MgFe₂O₄ nanofertilizer for enhancing the growth and yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol–gel method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX/EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel MgFe₂O₄ phase with an average crystallite size of 7.42 nm, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed aggregated nanoparticles with an average particle size of 92.9 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX/EDS) confirmed the presence of Mg, Fe and O elements, FTIR analysis verified the characteristic metal–oxygen vibrations of the spinel structure DLS Dynamic light scattering used for hydrodynamic particle size analysis of MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticle. the agronomic efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated through seed germination, vegetative growth and chlorophyll content studies in fenugreek. MgFe₂O₄ nanofertilizer significantly enhanced seed germination from 75% in the control to 100% at optimal concentrations (600–800 mg/L). The maximum seed vigor index (560) and seedling length (5.6 cm) were recorded at 800 mg/L. Foliar application at 600 mg/L produced the highest plant height (29.2 cm), root length (11.0 cm), number of leaves (28.4) and stem width (0.5 cm). Total chlorophyll content increased approximately threefold compared with the control, reaching 10.5 mg g⁻1 at the optimum concentration. These improvements are attributed to the enhanced availability and uptake of magnesium and iron supplied by the nanostructured fertilizer. The findings demonstrate that MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles represent a promising and sustainable nanofertilizer for improving nutrient-use efficiency, plant growth and productivity in fenugreek cultivation.