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<p>Heat stress is a major constraint to Indian mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) productivity, particularly during reproductive development. To identify stage-specific vulnerabilities, thirty genotypes were evaluated under early (heat-stressed) and normal sowing at bud, flowering, and pod stages. Physiological and biochemical traits—chlorophyll fractions, carotenoids, chlorophyll stability index (CSI), relative water content (RWC), and DPPH radical scavenging activity—were analyzed in relation to yield and oil content. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that pigment traits dominated variation at the bud and flowering stages, whereas water status and antioxidant activity were more influential during pod development. Regression analysis showed no single physiological trait significantly predicted yield or oil content at the bud and pod stages, suggesting relative tolerance during these phases. In contrast, antioxidant activity (DPPH) was the only significant predictor of oil content at flowering (<i>p</i> = 0.00799), emphasizing its role in maintaining lipid stability under heat stress. Heat stress reduced yield by 30–35% during flowering and pod filling due to pigment loss and reduced RWC, while oil content remained largely stable. Correlation and multivariate analyses associated higher CSI, RWC, and DPPH activity with improved stress tolerance. Based on the stress tolerance index (STI), genotype DRMR-1616-47 showed superior pigment stability, antioxidant capacity, and water retention. These findings highlight flowering as the most critical stage for heat resilience in Indian mustard.</p>

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Stage-specific physio-biochemical responses to heat stress in Indian mustard: identifying thermotolerant genotypes for yield and oil content

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Ibandalin Mawlong,
  • Vijay Veer Singh,
  • Bhagirath Ram,
  • Pankaj Garg,
  • Balbeer Balbeer,
  • Reema Rani,
  • M. S. Sujith Kumar,
  • Bishal Gurung

摘要

Heat stress is a major constraint to Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) productivity, particularly during reproductive development. To identify stage-specific vulnerabilities, thirty genotypes were evaluated under early (heat-stressed) and normal sowing at bud, flowering, and pod stages. Physiological and biochemical traits—chlorophyll fractions, carotenoids, chlorophyll stability index (CSI), relative water content (RWC), and DPPH radical scavenging activity—were analyzed in relation to yield and oil content. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that pigment traits dominated variation at the bud and flowering stages, whereas water status and antioxidant activity were more influential during pod development. Regression analysis showed no single physiological trait significantly predicted yield or oil content at the bud and pod stages, suggesting relative tolerance during these phases. In contrast, antioxidant activity (DPPH) was the only significant predictor of oil content at flowering (p = 0.00799), emphasizing its role in maintaining lipid stability under heat stress. Heat stress reduced yield by 30–35% during flowering and pod filling due to pigment loss and reduced RWC, while oil content remained largely stable. Correlation and multivariate analyses associated higher CSI, RWC, and DPPH activity with improved stress tolerance. Based on the stress tolerance index (STI), genotype DRMR-1616-47 showed superior pigment stability, antioxidant capacity, and water retention. These findings highlight flowering as the most critical stage for heat resilience in Indian mustard.