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<p>This study examines the influence of functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the germination, vegetative growth, and yield performance of <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. (wheat). MWCNTs were synthesised via chemical vapour deposition and functionalised through acid treatment to improve dispersibility and biocompatibility. Comprehensive characterisation using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed successful surface modification. Field trials were conducted using a randomised block design with foliar application of functionalised MWCNTs at concentrations of 0, 20, 30, 40, and 50&#xa0;µg mL<sup>− 1</sup> on the wheat cultivar HD 2967. Results indicated a concentration-dependent enhancement across all measured parameters, including germination rate, plant height, tiller number, spike length, and yield components such as grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight. The T4 treatment (50&#xa0;µg mL<sup>− 1</sup>) exhibited the greatest improvements, with grain and straw yields increasing by 24% and 31%, respectively, over the control. Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed no detectable MWCNT residues in harvested grains, suggesting no translocation to edible tissues and supporting biosafety at the applied dosages. These findings underscore the potential of functionalised MWCNTs as nano-enabled biostimulants for sustainable wheat production.</p>

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Field application of functionalized carbon nanotubes improves wheat yield without residue translocation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Shiv Shankar Gautam,
  • G. P. Satsangi,
  • Neelesh Kumar Pandey,
  • Neeraj Kumar Biswas,
  • Sudesh Kumar,
  • Jay Singh

摘要

This study examines the influence of functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the germination, vegetative growth, and yield performance of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat). MWCNTs were synthesised via chemical vapour deposition and functionalised through acid treatment to improve dispersibility and biocompatibility. Comprehensive characterisation using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed successful surface modification. Field trials were conducted using a randomised block design with foliar application of functionalised MWCNTs at concentrations of 0, 20, 30, 40, and 50 µg mL− 1 on the wheat cultivar HD 2967. Results indicated a concentration-dependent enhancement across all measured parameters, including germination rate, plant height, tiller number, spike length, and yield components such as grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight. The T4 treatment (50 µg mL− 1) exhibited the greatest improvements, with grain and straw yields increasing by 24% and 31%, respectively, over the control. Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed no detectable MWCNT residues in harvested grains, suggesting no translocation to edible tissues and supporting biosafety at the applied dosages. These findings underscore the potential of functionalised MWCNTs as nano-enabled biostimulants for sustainable wheat production.