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<p><i>Dysphania ambrosioides</i> (L.) Mosyakin &amp; Clemants belongs to the family Amaranthaceae and is commonly known as Mexican tea in Hindi as “Khatua”. <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium-linked foodborne diseases have been a pervasive global epidemiological burden. The increasing prevalence of antibacterial resistance further exacerbates the threat to food safety and disease management. <i>Dysphania</i> <i>ambrosioides</i> Essential oil (DAEO) was evaluated for its antibacterial, antioxidant, phytochemical profiling, and its antibacterial mode of action. DAEO demonstrated significant MIC at 500&#xa0;μg/mL against foodborne pathogen <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028). In -vitro checkerboard assay was done to check the synergistic effect with other essential oils. DAEO with <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> (DC.) Stapf shows synergistic effect with Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) value 0.375. In vitro antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH, ABTS has IC<sub>50</sub> value of 492.3&#xa0;µg/mL and 34.3&#xa0;µg/mL respectively and FRAP assay shows 77&#xa0;µg of DAEO is equivalent to 19.46&#xa0;µg Ascorbic acid. Antibacterial mode of action was determined by flow cytometry to evaluate membrane integrity and membrane potential; results confirmed disintegrated cell membrane and higher membrane potential at DAEO MIC. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to analyze and confirm morphological, intracellular damage and cytoplasmic leakage caused by oil. GC- MS analysis revealed presence of 22 components with major one as <i>α</i>-Terpinene (28.88%) isoascaridol (20%) and ascaridole (32.72%). DAEO can be used as an economical, sustainable, natural preservative and alternative therapeutic agent against foodborne bacteria in pharma and allied science industries.</p>

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Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) essential oil: insights into its mode of action

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Rajneesh Kumar,
  • Pooja Singh

摘要

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants belongs to the family Amaranthaceae and is commonly known as Mexican tea in Hindi as “Khatua”. Salmonella Typhimurium-linked foodborne diseases have been a pervasive global epidemiological burden. The increasing prevalence of antibacterial resistance further exacerbates the threat to food safety and disease management. Dysphania ambrosioides Essential oil (DAEO) was evaluated for its antibacterial, antioxidant, phytochemical profiling, and its antibacterial mode of action. DAEO demonstrated significant MIC at 500 μg/mL against foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028). In -vitro checkerboard assay was done to check the synergistic effect with other essential oils. DAEO with Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf shows synergistic effect with Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) value 0.375. In vitro antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH, ABTS has IC50 value of 492.3 µg/mL and 34.3 µg/mL respectively and FRAP assay shows 77 µg of DAEO is equivalent to 19.46 µg Ascorbic acid. Antibacterial mode of action was determined by flow cytometry to evaluate membrane integrity and membrane potential; results confirmed disintegrated cell membrane and higher membrane potential at DAEO MIC. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to analyze and confirm morphological, intracellular damage and cytoplasmic leakage caused by oil. GC- MS analysis revealed presence of 22 components with major one as α-Terpinene (28.88%) isoascaridol (20%) and ascaridole (32.72%). DAEO can be used as an economical, sustainable, natural preservative and alternative therapeutic agent against foodborne bacteria in pharma and allied science industries.