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<p><i>Cercospora</i> leaf spot (<i>Cercospora beticola</i>) stands as a damaging fungal infection in <i>Beta vulgaris</i>. This fungal disease causes substantial impacts on crop yield which results in heavy economic losses to farmers. This study involved in silico characterization of globally reported <i>C. beticola</i> sequences derived from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (<i>gapdh</i>) gene within <i>B. vulgaris</i>. Phylogenetic analysis and haplotype map were performed in sequences of <i>C. beticola</i> found in this crop. Evolutionary dynamics, including genetic diversity metrics, and parameters such as mismatch distribution plot were conducted based on the geographical distribution of the fungi. Two expansive sub-clusters of this fungi were revealed by the phylogenetic analysis of 20 sequences. Out of 20, 16 isolates originating from Iran had shown two monophyletic groups, positioning themselves into different clusters. Besides, 6 distinct haplotypes have also been analyzed from these gene sequences with haplotype 1 emerging as the predominant variant. Haplotype 1 consists of nine sequences from the USA, Iran, and Egypt. Among the overall population, the diversity in haplotype was 0.763. Population genetics analysis showed a significantly high Tajima value and haplotype diversity in the global <i>C. beticola</i> population. The study also found that genetic homogeneity and gene flow in populations of pathogen in USA-Egypt while genetic differentiation was seen in the populations of Iran-Egypt, Iran-USA. This study explained the insights into the complex genetic diversity of the pathogen within <i>B. vulgaris</i>. This further highlighted the widespread occurrence of distinct haplotypes worldwide.</p>

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Global genetic diversity and population structure of Cercospora beticola in Beta vulgaris L. based on gapdh gene analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Varucha Misra,
  • Himanshu Pandey,
  • Santeshwari Srivastava,
  • A. K. Mall,
  • Avinash Sharma,
  • S. C. Tripathi,
  • Rajeev Kumar,
  • Sushil Kumar Singh

摘要

Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola) stands as a damaging fungal infection in Beta vulgaris. This fungal disease causes substantial impacts on crop yield which results in heavy economic losses to farmers. This study involved in silico characterization of globally reported C. beticola sequences derived from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) gene within B. vulgaris. Phylogenetic analysis and haplotype map were performed in sequences of C. beticola found in this crop. Evolutionary dynamics, including genetic diversity metrics, and parameters such as mismatch distribution plot were conducted based on the geographical distribution of the fungi. Two expansive sub-clusters of this fungi were revealed by the phylogenetic analysis of 20 sequences. Out of 20, 16 isolates originating from Iran had shown two monophyletic groups, positioning themselves into different clusters. Besides, 6 distinct haplotypes have also been analyzed from these gene sequences with haplotype 1 emerging as the predominant variant. Haplotype 1 consists of nine sequences from the USA, Iran, and Egypt. Among the overall population, the diversity in haplotype was 0.763. Population genetics analysis showed a significantly high Tajima value and haplotype diversity in the global C. beticola population. The study also found that genetic homogeneity and gene flow in populations of pathogen in USA-Egypt while genetic differentiation was seen in the populations of Iran-Egypt, Iran-USA. This study explained the insights into the complex genetic diversity of the pathogen within B. vulgaris. This further highlighted the widespread occurrence of distinct haplotypes worldwide.