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<p>This study presents an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using endophytic fungal extract isolated from <i>Annona reticulata</i>. Synthesized through a microwave irradiation technique, the AgNPs exhibited a crystalline structure with an average size of 175.2&#xa0;nm, confirmed by UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM analysis. Potent antibacterial activity was observed against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, with inhibition zones up to 23.1&#xa0;mm. The nanoparticles catalyzed 95% degradation of methyl orange within 15&#xa0;min and exhibited cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (IC<sub>50</sub> = 80.76&#xa0;µg/mL). These findings highlight their multifunctional potential in nanomedicine and environmental applications. The stability of the nanoparticles was examined under varying pH, temperature, and salinity conditions. Antibacterial activity assays demonstrated potent inhibition against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, with significant suppression of biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy further validated bacterial membrane disruption. The nanoparticles also exhibited efficient catalytic degradation of toxic dyes, including methyl orange and methylene blue. In vitro cytotoxicity studies indicated selective inhibition of highly invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, while showing minimal morphological changes and toxicity in normal L9 fibroblast cells. These findings suggest that AgNPs synthesized via endophytic fungal extracts offer a sustainable and versatile platform for applications in nanomedicine, wastewater treatment, and antimicrobial therapies.</p>

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Biogenic silver nanoparticles from Annona reticulata endophyte: antibacterial, anticancer, and dye degradation potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Kavya Shree Basappa,
  • Sri Raghava,
  • Sharan Umesha

摘要

This study presents an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using endophytic fungal extract isolated from Annona reticulata. Synthesized through a microwave irradiation technique, the AgNPs exhibited a crystalline structure with an average size of 175.2 nm, confirmed by UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM analysis. Potent antibacterial activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with inhibition zones up to 23.1 mm. The nanoparticles catalyzed 95% degradation of methyl orange within 15 min and exhibited cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (IC50 = 80.76 µg/mL). These findings highlight their multifunctional potential in nanomedicine and environmental applications. The stability of the nanoparticles was examined under varying pH, temperature, and salinity conditions. Antibacterial activity assays demonstrated potent inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with significant suppression of biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy further validated bacterial membrane disruption. The nanoparticles also exhibited efficient catalytic degradation of toxic dyes, including methyl orange and methylene blue. In vitro cytotoxicity studies indicated selective inhibition of highly invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, while showing minimal morphological changes and toxicity in normal L9 fibroblast cells. These findings suggest that AgNPs synthesized via endophytic fungal extracts offer a sustainable and versatile platform for applications in nanomedicine, wastewater treatment, and antimicrobial therapies.