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<p>Standardized in vitro regeneration protocols are essential for effective crop improvement through transformation, particularly for the challenging indica subspecies of rice. Somatic embryogenesis serves as a promising method for genetic transformation and for the production of a large number of plantlets. This research aimed to establish a protocol for somatic embryogenesis and regeneration in Nagina 22 (N22), an aus type rice variety known for its drought and heat tolerance, which originated in India. The study examined the effects of two media (MS and N6), two carbon sources (sucrose and maltose), and 2, 4-D (at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3&#xa0;µM) on callus induction using mature rice seeds as explants. Somatic embryo formation was achieved in the calli obtained by subculturing on MS medium enriched with 2, 4-D (at 0 and 0.4&#xa0;µM) and kinetin (0, 0.4, 1, 1.5 and 2&#xa0;µM). Regeneration experiments were conducted using MS medium, incorporating NAA and BAP to initiate shoot formation, along with IBA to enhance root development in the plantlets produced. The highest frequency of callus induction (100%) was achieved in MS medium with maltose as the carbon source, supplemented with 2, 4-D at 3&#xa0;µM. Regeneration rates were maximized in MS medium enriched with NAA (both 0.2 and 1&#xa0;µM) and BAP (0.8 and 3.5&#xa0;µM) from the developed somatic embryos. The resulting plantlets were effectively hardened and successfully established in pot culture. This finding holds significant importance for future rice enhancement and gene editing initiatives globally, using N22 as a donor for introducing drought and heat tolerance.</p>

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Somatic embryogenesis in N22 variety of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with drought and heat tolerance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月26日

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  • K. S. Ardra,
  • Pallot Sindhumole,
  • Jiji Joseph,
  • Rehna Augustine,
  • P. Deepthy Antony,
  • A. Manju

摘要

Standardized in vitro regeneration protocols are essential for effective crop improvement through transformation, particularly for the challenging indica subspecies of rice. Somatic embryogenesis serves as a promising method for genetic transformation and for the production of a large number of plantlets. This research aimed to establish a protocol for somatic embryogenesis and regeneration in Nagina 22 (N22), an aus type rice variety known for its drought and heat tolerance, which originated in India. The study examined the effects of two media (MS and N6), two carbon sources (sucrose and maltose), and 2, 4-D (at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3 µM) on callus induction using mature rice seeds as explants. Somatic embryo formation was achieved in the calli obtained by subculturing on MS medium enriched with 2, 4-D (at 0 and 0.4 µM) and kinetin (0, 0.4, 1, 1.5 and 2 µM). Regeneration experiments were conducted using MS medium, incorporating NAA and BAP to initiate shoot formation, along with IBA to enhance root development in the plantlets produced. The highest frequency of callus induction (100%) was achieved in MS medium with maltose as the carbon source, supplemented with 2, 4-D at 3 µM. Regeneration rates were maximized in MS medium enriched with NAA (both 0.2 and 1 µM) and BAP (0.8 and 3.5 µM) from the developed somatic embryos. The resulting plantlets were effectively hardened and successfully established in pot culture. This finding holds significant importance for future rice enhancement and gene editing initiatives globally, using N22 as a donor for introducing drought and heat tolerance.