Effect of integrated disease management modules against major diseases (bacterial blight/root rot and downy mildew) of opium poppy
摘要
Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is legally cultivated mainly in three states, i.e., Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan in India. Downy mildew of opium poppy is a major threat to the opium growing district of Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh. This investigation was carried out to study the effect of integrated disease management modules against major diseases (bacterial blight/root rot and downy mildew) of opium poppy. All the integrated disease management modules significantly minimized the diseases of opium poppy. The lowest disease incidence, intensity and severity of downy mildew were recorded at 35.33%, 14.6% and 18.65% in T3 (furrow soil application of FYM (500 g/m2) enriched with T. harzianum + P. fluorescens @ 2.0%, 4–5 days prior to sowing, seed treatment with Streptocycline Sulphate @ 0.030% (300 ppm) and Metalaxyl @ 2.5 g/kg. On the appearance of disease symptoms, spray of T. harzianum + P. flourescens @ 0.5%, and the second and third sprays with Streptocycline Sulphate @ 0.030% (300 ppm) and Metalaxyl @ 0.25% at 15 day interval, respectively. The maximum reduction of collar/root rot disease was observed in T3 (2.50%), followed by T5 (5.1%). The disease severity of bacterial blight was found minimum in T3 (3.35%), followed by T7 (4.36%), T4 (7.24), T8 (9.77), and T5 (10.73). The maximum capsule size of 4.10 × 4.64 cm, peduncle length of 26.83 cm, plant height of 124.48 cm, plant fresh weight of 287.33 gm, plant dry weight of 136.16 gm, seed yield of 9.26 q/ha, husk yield of 8.89 q/ha, dry latex of 22.62 kg/ha and morphine content of 14.94% were found in T3.