Impact of altitudinal variation on the physical and biochemical properties of cabbage in the trans-Himalayan region

Indian trans- Himalayan region, Ladakh features extreme altitudinal gradients and arid geology that effects the quality of crops cultivated in the region. Efforts to enhance local production are driven by the need to reduce import reliance, meet the demand of locals, military and tourism industry and farmer’s profitability. Therefore, the study established to examine the impact of altitude on physical and biochemical properties of a key crop cabbage (Brassica oleracea), in the region. Cabbages from different altitudes: Suru (2500–2700 m masl), Nubra (3000–3200 m masl) and Indus (3250–3560 m masl) were sampled. Physical and biochemical attributes were analysed using standard methods and specialized instruments. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Cabbages of Ladakh weighed between 0.83 and 1.18 kg, with lower-altitude cabbages being heaviest. The mean volume of cabbages from lower altitudes was also higher compared to those from higher altitudes and from Nubra Valley (mid-altitude) were denser. The chlorophyll content (30.8–45.0 CCI) and Titratable Acidity (0.13–0.25%) did not vary significantly with altitude (p < 0.05) but were positively correlated with each other. Total Soluble Solids (TSS) ranged from 5.9 to 7.6°Brix and showed a negative correlation with altitude. Mid-altitude cabbages matured earlier than those from other valleys. Anthocyanin content ranged from 8.3 to 13.8 ACI, total phenolic content from 95.4 to 199.3 mg GAE/100 g, and total glucosinolate content from 18.1 to 25.6 µmol/g. Phenolic content were positively correlated to altitude while glucosinolate levels were found lowest (18.5 ± 0.4 µmol/g) in mid-altitude cabbages.