Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Piper chaba stem extracts and metabolomic profile by GC–MS and HPTLC

Piper chaba is a plant belonging to the Piperaceae family with several medicinal properties. The evaluation of antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities and GC–MS and HPTLC analyses of P. chaba stem extracts were performed. Methanolic and aqueous extracts showed significantly higher total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Significantly potential antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities were shown by the methanolic extract of P. chaba. The presence of seventeen phytochemicals was revealed by GC–MS analysis where the most prevalent compounds in the P. chaba stem methanolic extract included 2-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-one (21.78%), 3-hydroxydihydro-2(3H)-furanone (24.96%), 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran (11.38%), and hydroxymethylcyclopropane (14.59%). Chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, and naringenin were identified and quantified from the P. chaba stem extracts. The biological potential of Piper chaba stem extract was established by our results, which may be attributed to bioactive phytoconstituents. These activities and bioactive phytoconstituents may give medicinal value to P. chaba stem.