Exploring soil fertility dynamics and microbial flora in the east kolkata wetlands: implications for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem conservation

This study centres on internationally recognized East Kolkata Wetlands, renowned for their rich biodiversity and multifunctional ecosystem. Despite their Ramsar Convention designation, inadequate management has led to gradual degradation of these wetlands. Soil samples were collected from reclaimed agricultural lands within the wetlands, and an analysis of physico-chemical parameters was conducted during initial, peak, and inter-cropping periods of Cucurbita maxima. Notable variations were observed in nitrogen, ranging from 298.5 kg/ha to 563.7 kg/ha, phosphate levels varying from 100.49 kg/ha to 148.32 kg/ha, and potassium levels fluctuating between 139.77 kg/ha and 173.37 kg/ha. These variations signify a substantial impact on soil fertility. The wetlands harbour a diverse microbiome with distinct biochemical roles, influencing soil fertility and resource availability for plants. This investigation unveils the intricate relationship between metagenome and soil fertility parameters, shedding light on the presence of keystone bacterial species such as Bacillus sp, pivotal for maintaining agricultural productivity throughout the year. Future research aims to establish correlations between soil nutrient quality and plant age, offering insights into specific nutritional requirements of the soil.