The activities of the methanolic extract of Eranthemum roseum on biological functions: antioxidants, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, ADMET and in silico studies

Eranthemum roseum, a species in the genus Eranthemum is widely known for its traditional therapeutic properties. This study focused on the leaf extract to identify bioactive compounds and evaluate its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-proliferative and molecular docking studies. The leaf extract was found to be rich in phytoconstituents including phenols and flavonoids. GC–MS analysis of extract revealed the presence of major bioactive compounds N (Epsilon)-Methyl-L-Lysine (66.26%) and Dl-Citrulline (19.56%). FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of active functional groups. DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay demonstrate a substantial proportion of inhibition in antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory activity shows 64.20% inhibition in albumin denaturation and 67.25% inhibition in HRBC membrane stabilization assay. Hypoglycemic activity demonstrates inhibition levels of α-amylase (82.60%) and α-glycosidase (67.30%). Further, anti-proliferative activity against liver cancer cells (HepG2) was analyzed through cell motility (69.02%). Overall, this study highlights the therapeutic potential of methanol leaf extract of E. roseum and its valuable bioactive compounds with various biological properties.