Multi faceted utilization of phytoremediation derived biomass for bio-ore and bioenergy production

Pollution due to heavy metal accumulation in soil and water poses a critical ecological threat worldwide. Phytoremediation, a cost effective and sustainable method, harnesses the inherent capabilities of plants to absorb, accumulate, and detoxify heavy metals. This paper comprehensively explores two major domains, the first being phytoremediation and its types—phytoextraction, phytostabilization, rhizofiltration, and phytovolatilization—and the second being biomass to bioenergy conversion. This paper throws light on coupling phytoremediation and bioenergy production, which is beneficial due to its low energy input, soil remediation and envisioning a wide acceptance due to low input cost. Leveraging this synergy between phytoremediation and bioenergy offers a sustainable approach to manage the vast amounts of biomass, potentially turning a remediation byproduct into a valuable energy resource. The review further dwells into the concept of phytomining as an innovation to extract valuable metals such as. Phyto-mining is a technique that works by recovering metals from polluted soils for economic benefits based on growing, harvesting, and processing metal hyperaccumulator plant species. It explains the multifaceted aspects of phytoremediation, exploring its diverse mechanisms, synergies with bioenergy, and the promising potential of phytomining. These integrative approaches present promising avenues for effective and sustainable remediation of heavy.