Investigating the function of mangrove mycorrhizal fungi with special emphasis on arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMF) symbiosis in promoting ecosystem health and sustainability

Mangroves, vital coastal ecosystems, heavily rely on mycorrhizal associations for their growth, nutrient acquisition, stress alleviation, and overall vitality. This comprehensive review explored the molecular signaling pathways that underlie intricate formation of mycorrhizae in mangroves. We highlighted recent advancements in understanding molecular interactions involved in the establishment of these symbiotic associations. Specifically, we investigated the exchange of chemical signals, including hormones and bacteriocins, between the fungi and mangroves, and elucidated their roles in plant growth and behavior within environmental context. In this section, we explored the importance of these root partnerships in mangrove ecosystem. We discussed how these associations benefit the plants by improving their ability to absorb nutrients, cope with stress, and contribute to a healthier overall environment. Notably, these associations have demonstrated positive impacts on carbon sequestration, sediment stabilization, and ecosystem productivity. By comprehensively exploring both molecular signaling pathways and ecological benefits, we underscore the intrinsic relationship between tailor-made mycorrhizae and sustainability of mangrove ecosystems. Understanding these signaling pathways is pivotal for effective conservation and restoration strategies. This review also identifies existing knowledge gaps and proposes future research directions to advance our understanding of tailor-made mycorrhizal formation in mangroves, thereby facilitating targeted conservation and sustainability efforts.