Silver nanoparticles derived from Clerodendrum inerme L. using biosynthesis: an infection curing and enhancing the feasibility of various cell proliferation efficiencies

Biosynthesis-formed silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have many biological characteristics and are great substitutes for conventional drugs due to their inexpensive nature. In this work, we synthesized Ag NPs using a suspension from the leaves of the healing herb Clerodendrum inerme L. Multiple methods like XRD, UV–Vis, SEM with EDX, FT-IR, and TEM confirmed the fabricated Ag NPs. Employing the agar well method, the anti-germs properties of bio-synthesized Ag NPs towards pathogenic organisms were assessed. In addition, MTT protocol was used to examine the cytotoxic nature of many cell lines, including A549, HepG2, and HeLa. Using UV–visible spectrum, that which shows an absorption peak at about 400–450 nm, Ag-NPs synthesis was confirmed visually along with a colour shift. AgNPs have an average diameter of 37 nm and are extremely crystalline and spherical, according to SEM examination. With IC₅₀ value of 51.25 μg/mL, synthesized Ag-NPs showed good cell proliferation viability of HeLa cell lines and strong antimicrobial action towards Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli. As a result, the study's findings demonstrated that eco-synthesized AgNPs had strong cytotoxic and antimicrobial qualities, two essential traits of a molecule with promising therapeutic uses.