Physico-chemical evaluation and phytochemical analysis of different leaf extracts of Calycopteris floribunda Lam. a multipotent medicinal climber by GC–MS

Calycopteris floribunda Lam. is a woody climber belongs to Combretaceae, commonly found in tropical and sub tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Leaves are used in the treatment of intestinal worms, colic, leprosy, malarial fever, snake bites and burned wounds. Flovonoids such as Calycopterin and Pachypodol isolated from leaves are reported to have anticancerous activity. Physico-chemical study of plant gives the standard parameters for the purity and quality of the drugs. Therefore, the present study is carried out to evaluate the Physico-chemical parameters and phytochemicals present in leaf extracts by using GC–MS. Different physico-chemical characters (ash values, loss of moisture, foaming index, pH and extractive yields) of the leaf were studied. The total phenolics and flavoinoid content of ethanolic leaf extract were found to be 472.66 ± 2.51 mg GAE/ g DW and 303.00 ± 3.60 mg QE/g DW, respectively. FTIR spectrum showed the presence of functional groups such as O–H, C = C, N–O S = O, and C-O. Further, GC-MS analysis showed the presence of over all 31 compounds, of which, 10 in chloroform extract, 9 in ethanol extract, 7 in petroleum ether extract and 5 compounds are in acetone extract. Few compounds were common in two and three extracts. 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid is one of the major compounds present in three extracts except ethanol, squalene (35.09%) is the major compound in the ethanol extract.