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<p>Afghanistan, a geostrategically significant nation, has long been scarred by wars and great power rivalries. After the 2021 U.S. withdrawal, the Taliban reshaped governance with conservative religious ideology and Pashtun nationalism, while seeking international recognition. Currently trapped in an involutionary cycle of low-level security, inefficient public goods supply and slow development, it faces internal Taliban contradictions, terrorist threats and narcotic issues. Traditional external perspectives overlook Afghanistan's internal social structure and non-traditional security dimensions. This article argues Afghanistan acts as an active “game player” exploiting great power conflicts for survival. Adopting a “State-Society” perspective and holistic national security approach, it proposes solutions from a Chinese viewpoint to address dual tensions of external intervention and internal structure.</p>

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Afghanistan: an artist of survival in the geopolitical vortex

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月11日

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  • Meng Xi

摘要

Afghanistan, a geostrategically significant nation, has long been scarred by wars and great power rivalries. After the 2021 U.S. withdrawal, the Taliban reshaped governance with conservative religious ideology and Pashtun nationalism, while seeking international recognition. Currently trapped in an involutionary cycle of low-level security, inefficient public goods supply and slow development, it faces internal Taliban contradictions, terrorist threats and narcotic issues. Traditional external perspectives overlook Afghanistan's internal social structure and non-traditional security dimensions. This article argues Afghanistan acts as an active “game player” exploiting great power conflicts for survival. Adopting a “State-Society” perspective and holistic national security approach, it proposes solutions from a Chinese viewpoint to address dual tensions of external intervention and internal structure.