<p>The present paper is a sequel to and generalization of [<CitationRef CitationID="CR10">10</CitationRef>] whose main result gives the asymptotic behaviour as <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( u \rightarrow 0^{+}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda _L(u) = P(X_1 \le F_1^{-1}(u) | X_2 \le F_2^{-1}(u)),\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>L</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>≤</mo> <msubsup> <mi>F</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>≤</mo> <msubsup> <mi>F</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\textbf {X}} \sim SN_2(\varvec{\alpha }, R)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold">X</mi> <mo>∼</mo> <mi>S</mi> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">α</mi> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha _1 = \alpha _2 = \alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, that is: for the bivariate skew normal distribution in the equi-skew case, where <i>R</i> is the correlation matrix, with off-diagonal entries <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\rho \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ρ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F_i(x)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(i=1,2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are the marginal cdf’s of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\textbf {X}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="bold">X</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In the present paper we show in full generality that <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \lambda _L(u) \sim Ku^{\theta }(-\log u)^{\tau }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>L</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∼</mo> <mi>K</mi> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>θ</mi> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>log</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>τ</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and find explicit expressions for <i>K</i>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>θ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>τ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in all possible settings, without any restriction on <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\rho , -1&lt; \rho &lt;1.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> Our analysis is copula based. A paper of [<CitationRef CitationID="CR7">7</CitationRef>] enunciates a general upper-tail version, when <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt; \rho &lt;1.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> When translated to the lower tail setting of [<CitationRef CitationID="CR10">10</CitationRef>], we find that in the case <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha _1=\alpha _2= \alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> only the exponents, <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>θ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, of <i>u</i> in the regularly varying function asymptotic expressions of [<CitationRef CitationID="CR7">7</CitationRef>, <CitationRef CitationID="CR10">10</CitationRef>] do agree, but the slowly varying components are not asymptotically equivalent.</p>

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Tail Asymptotics for the Bivariate Skew Normal in the General Case

  • Thomas Fung,
  • Eugene Seneta

摘要

The present paper is a sequel to and generalization of [10] whose main result gives the asymptotic behaviour as \( u \rightarrow 0^{+}\) u 0 + of \(\lambda _L(u) = P(X_1 \le F_1^{-1}(u) | X_2 \le F_2^{-1}(u)),\) λ L ( u ) = P ( X 1 F 1 - 1 ( u ) | X 2 F 2 - 1 ( u ) ) , when \({\textbf {X}} \sim SN_2(\varvec{\alpha }, R)\) X S N 2 ( α , R ) with \(\alpha _1 = \alpha _2 = \alpha \) α 1 = α 2 = α , that is: for the bivariate skew normal distribution in the equi-skew case, where R is the correlation matrix, with off-diagonal entries \(\rho \) ρ , and \(F_i(x)\) F i ( x ) , \(i=1,2\) i = 1 , 2 are the marginal cdf’s of \({\textbf {X}}\) X . In the present paper we show in full generality that \( \lambda _L(u) \sim Ku^{\theta }(-\log u)^{\tau }\) λ L ( u ) K u θ ( - log u ) τ , and find explicit expressions for K, \(\theta \) θ , \(\tau \) τ in all possible settings, without any restriction on \(\rho , -1< \rho <1.\) ρ , - 1 < ρ < 1 . Our analysis is copula based. A paper of [7] enunciates a general upper-tail version, when \(0< \rho <1.\) 0 < ρ < 1 . When translated to the lower tail setting of [10], we find that in the case \(\alpha _1=\alpha _2= \alpha \) α 1 = α 2 = α only the exponents, \(\theta \) θ , of u in the regularly varying function asymptotic expressions of [7, 10] do agree, but the slowly varying components are not asymptotically equivalent.