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<p>This study investigates the development of indices to measure women's empowerment concerning their fertility, specifically focusing on the average number of children ever born in India. It incorporates Economic Decision Making Index (EDMI), Household Decision Making Index (HDMI), and Physical Movement Index (PMI), assigning normal deviate weightings to response categories. The data utilized in this study are derived from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted between 2019 and 2021. The assessment of women's empowerment suitability is conducted considering variables such as age, place of residence, highest level of education, wealth index, religion, and caste. The categories belonging to the age group (25–34&#xa0;years), rural areas, secondary plus higher education, richer and richest wealth index, Hindu community and general caste almost predict higher indices of women empowerment in EDMI, HDMI and PMI with a slight variation in HDMI and PMI in favor of scheduled caste and Muslim community lowering a smaller number of total children ever born on average due to their cultural beliefs and norms in comparison to other counterparts.</p>

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Women Empowerment and Fertility in India: Recent Findings from Demographic and Health Survey, 2019–21

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月25日

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  • Anurag Gupta,
  • H. L. Sharma,
  • Rajeev Ranjan Kumar

摘要

This study investigates the development of indices to measure women's empowerment concerning their fertility, specifically focusing on the average number of children ever born in India. It incorporates Economic Decision Making Index (EDMI), Household Decision Making Index (HDMI), and Physical Movement Index (PMI), assigning normal deviate weightings to response categories. The data utilized in this study are derived from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted between 2019 and 2021. The assessment of women's empowerment suitability is conducted considering variables such as age, place of residence, highest level of education, wealth index, religion, and caste. The categories belonging to the age group (25–34 years), rural areas, secondary plus higher education, richer and richest wealth index, Hindu community and general caste almost predict higher indices of women empowerment in EDMI, HDMI and PMI with a slight variation in HDMI and PMI in favor of scheduled caste and Muslim community lowering a smaller number of total children ever born on average due to their cultural beliefs and norms in comparison to other counterparts.