<p>This review highlights recent advancements in the application of nanotechnology, particularly metal nanoparticles, in space exploration. Emphasising their role in miniaturisation and efficiency, the manuscript explores how nanomaterials enhance the performance of planetary rovers, space vehicles, and satellites. Breakthroughs include the development of lightweight, robust structures, advanced sensors, improved energy systems, and life support technologies. The paper focuses on innovative applications, such as nanoscale space systems, such as flying chips, space elevators made with carbon nanotubes, and nanotechnology-built habitats. It also addresses the strategic use of nanotechnology in anti-satellite weapon countermeasures. The review is structured around space vehicles, sensors, micro/nanotechnologies, nanomaterials, and propulsion systems. By examining these sections, the manuscript emphasises nanotechnology’s potential to reduce mission costs, increase system efficiency, and support long-duration missions and space colonisation. The findings show how nanotechnology is transforming the future of space exploration through innovation, multifunctional design, efficiency, and durability.</p>