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<p>With the rapid development of related aerospace endeavors, such as near-Earth space development and deep space exploration, many ground technologies have begun to be transferred to space. This transition is not without its challenges, particularly in managing collisions during spacecraft operations, such as landing and docking. The critical need for advanced buffering, energy absorption and protective materials has sparked interest in mechanical metamaterials, which are characterized by their capability to handle multiple loading conditions and exhibit various deformation modes. Traditional single-plateau energy absorbers are proving inadequate for the diverse and unpredictable loads encountered in the harsh space environment, underscoring the necessity for mechanical metamaterials with enhanced load-bearing and deformation adaptability. This study advances the field by integrating intra-cellular multi-level gradients and inter-cellular layered gradients within a classical re-entrant configuration to develop a novel multi-plateau auxetic metamaterial. Empirical insights into the compressive mechanical behavior of both single-cell and multi-cell metamaterial configurations were obtained through quasi-static compression testing of 3D-printed samples. The results illustrate that the designed intra-cellular multi-level gradient auxetic metamaterial is not able to generate multiple load plateaus due to the unexpected fracture caused by the brittle nylon material, but multiple load peaks and the exceptional auxetic effect is realized. However, the inter-cellular layered gradient metamaterial exhibits multiple load plateaus under a complex interplay between inter- and intra-cellular deformation modes. The development of programmable multi-plateau auxetic metamaterials represents a significant step forward in addressing the multifaceted energy absorption and protection requirements of space equipment. By offering superior performance in managing multiple energy absorption scenarios and enhancing efficiency, these materials open new avenues for the development of multi-level crashworthiness and multi-functional impact resistance solutions tailored to the rigorous demands of space exploration.</p>

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Multi-plateau Auxetic Metamaterials with Intra- and Inter-cellular Gradients for Energy Absorption

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月9日

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  • Changfang Zhao

摘要

With the rapid development of related aerospace endeavors, such as near-Earth space development and deep space exploration, many ground technologies have begun to be transferred to space. This transition is not without its challenges, particularly in managing collisions during spacecraft operations, such as landing and docking. The critical need for advanced buffering, energy absorption and protective materials has sparked interest in mechanical metamaterials, which are characterized by their capability to handle multiple loading conditions and exhibit various deformation modes. Traditional single-plateau energy absorbers are proving inadequate for the diverse and unpredictable loads encountered in the harsh space environment, underscoring the necessity for mechanical metamaterials with enhanced load-bearing and deformation adaptability. This study advances the field by integrating intra-cellular multi-level gradients and inter-cellular layered gradients within a classical re-entrant configuration to develop a novel multi-plateau auxetic metamaterial. Empirical insights into the compressive mechanical behavior of both single-cell and multi-cell metamaterial configurations were obtained through quasi-static compression testing of 3D-printed samples. The results illustrate that the designed intra-cellular multi-level gradient auxetic metamaterial is not able to generate multiple load plateaus due to the unexpected fracture caused by the brittle nylon material, but multiple load peaks and the exceptional auxetic effect is realized. However, the inter-cellular layered gradient metamaterial exhibits multiple load plateaus under a complex interplay between inter- and intra-cellular deformation modes. The development of programmable multi-plateau auxetic metamaterials represents a significant step forward in addressing the multifaceted energy absorption and protection requirements of space equipment. By offering superior performance in managing multiple energy absorption scenarios and enhancing efficiency, these materials open new avenues for the development of multi-level crashworthiness and multi-functional impact resistance solutions tailored to the rigorous demands of space exploration.