<p>Structural health monitoring (SHM) of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is crucial for guaranteeing safety, durability, and economical maintenance, especially in areas prone to mechanical and chemical deterioration. Recent advancements in nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO), have significantly enhanced the self-sensing capabilities of cementitious materials, enabling real-time damage assessment. Simultaneously, non-destructive testing (NDT) methods—such as ultrasonic, radiographic, and magnetic techniques—are essential for thorough structural evaluation. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) frameworks has transformed structural health monitoring (SHM), enabling autonomous, continuous surveillance, data analysis, and predictive maintenance. This paper explores the synergistic potential of nanotechnology, advanced sensing materials, non-destructive testing methodologies, and AI/IoT systems in developing resilient and sustainable structural health monitoring solutions. Recent experimental investigations, innovative methods, and promising avenues are emphasized to enhance structural resilience, reduce maintenance expenses, and promote infrastructure sustainability. Despite these innovations, challenges remain in large-scale adoption, long-term sensor durability, and efficient data processing. Case studies suggest that optimized nanomaterial-enhanced concrete can extend the lifespan of structural health monitoring (SHM) sensors by up to 30%, thereby reducing maintenance costs for critical infrastructure, such as bridges, tunnels, and marine structures. This study evaluates recent experimental findings and explores future directions for advancing innovative concrete materials and structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies to enhance the safety, durability, and sustainability of modern infrastructure.</p>