Playability heuristics for game interface design for children

Digital games have increasingly become a cornerstone of modern childhood, merging entertainment with educational opportunities. The exponential growth of digital games for children, particularly those aged 8–18, has been fueled by technological advancements, the proliferation of smart devices, and the expansion of the game industry, especially during the pandemic. These games are not only entertaining but also serve educational purposes, enhancing children's cognitive abilities such as problem-solving and critical thinking. Game interfaces are pivotal in shaping user experience and playability, with well-designed interfaces enhancing engagement and poorly designed ones detracting from the experience. This research aims to identify key heuristics for designing game interfaces that enhance playability for children aged 7–9 years. Understanding that children in this age group are transitioning from early childhood to a more structured school environment, with evolving cognitive and motor skills, is crucial. The study proposes a methodology to develop playability heuristics based on usability issues identified in game prototypes, which are then applied to new games and tested by child gamers. The effectiveness of these heuristics is assessed by analyzing the correlation between user experience and the playability of game interfaces. This research contributes to the field of game design by providing tailored heuristics that cater to the specific developmental needs of lower primary school children, ensuring digital games are engaging, educational, and enjoyable.