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<p>Cemented paste backfill (CPB) technology, utilizing solid waste such as tailings, is essential for green mining and sustainable mine construction. This study systematically investigates the size effect on the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and fracture behavior of CPB through a comprehensive experimental program. A total of 270 specimens were tested, encompassing two geometries (cuboid and cylinder), five height‑width (or height‑diameter) ratios (0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5), and three cross‑sectional dimensions (cuboid side lengths of 70.7, 100, 150&#xa0;mm; cylinder diameters of 50, 75, 100&#xa0;mm), and three curing ages (3, 7, 28 days). The results reveal a significant nonlinear decrease in UCS with increasing aspect ratio and cross‑sectional size; under comparable characteristic dimensions, cylinder specimens exhibit higher strength than cuboid ones due to more uniform stress distribution. Failure modes evolve systematically with slenderness: from end‑restraint‑dominated splitting in squat specimens, to X‑shaped conjugate shear in equiaxial specimens, and finally to tensile‑shear composite failure in slender specimens. As curing age increases, material brittleness intensifies, simplifying the failure morphology. Based on the experimental data, an n‑th order exponential strength prediction model incorporating shape and size factors is developed. Validation demonstrates high predictive accuracy for both specimen types across all curing ages (R²≥0.94). This model provides a reliable tool for strength design and size‑effect correction in backfill engineering, contributing to intelligent and green mining practices.</p>

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An Experimental Study on the Size Effect of Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Multi-Shaped Cemented Paste Backfill: Fracture Analysis and Mathematical Modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Gan Long,
  • Dengpan Qiao,
  • Jun Wang,
  • Haiyong Cheng,
  • Tianyu Yang,
  • Xinyu Qiao,
  • Chaoyong Yang

摘要

Cemented paste backfill (CPB) technology, utilizing solid waste such as tailings, is essential for green mining and sustainable mine construction. This study systematically investigates the size effect on the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and fracture behavior of CPB through a comprehensive experimental program. A total of 270 specimens were tested, encompassing two geometries (cuboid and cylinder), five height‑width (or height‑diameter) ratios (0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5), and three cross‑sectional dimensions (cuboid side lengths of 70.7, 100, 150 mm; cylinder diameters of 50, 75, 100 mm), and three curing ages (3, 7, 28 days). The results reveal a significant nonlinear decrease in UCS with increasing aspect ratio and cross‑sectional size; under comparable characteristic dimensions, cylinder specimens exhibit higher strength than cuboid ones due to more uniform stress distribution. Failure modes evolve systematically with slenderness: from end‑restraint‑dominated splitting in squat specimens, to X‑shaped conjugate shear in equiaxial specimens, and finally to tensile‑shear composite failure in slender specimens. As curing age increases, material brittleness intensifies, simplifying the failure morphology. Based on the experimental data, an n‑th order exponential strength prediction model incorporating shape and size factors is developed. Validation demonstrates high predictive accuracy for both specimen types across all curing ages (R²≥0.94). This model provides a reliable tool for strength design and size‑effect correction in backfill engineering, contributing to intelligent and green mining practices.