<p>In recent years, nanobubbles (NBs) have attracted increasing attention in mineral flotation due to their unique physicochemical properties. Their nanoscale size, high stability, and large specific surface area provide more effective attachment to mineral particles compared with conventional microbubbles. NBs can generate stronger hydrophobic interactions, which increase the probability of particle-bubble collision, adhesion, and stability. These effects improve flotation kinetics and efficiency. NBs are particularly critical in recovering fine particles, which have limited collision with conventional bubbles, and coarse particles, which may detach due to weak attachment forces. In addition, NBs can modify surface properties by increasing the contact angle of hydrophobic particles and altering the zeta potential. These effects are strongly influenced by solution chemistry, such as pH, and the use of suitable frothers at optimized dosages. By reducing reagent consumption and improving process selectivity, NBs enhance flotation performance and reduce their environmental footprint. This article examines the role of nanobubbles in flotation, focusing on their mechanisms of action and the key factors that govern their efficiency.</p>