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<p>The high and steep slopes in the Bayan Obo open-pit mining area are highly prone to landslides due to the combined effects of complex geological structures and intense rainfall, posing significant threats to mining safety and efficient resource utilization. To comprehensively investigate the formation and evolution mechanisms of these landslides, a multi-method approach involving field geological surveys, laboratory-scale physical model tests, and numerical simulations was adopted. In this study, the characteristics of landslide-prone zones were revealed by the ancient stratigraphy, unfavorable lithological combinations, and densely developed intersecting faults. These conditions, along with strong rainfall infiltration, elevate pore water pressure and reduce shear strength, triggering shallow slope failures. The physical model tests reproduce the full deformation process, showing four evolutionary stages: surface erosion, tensile cracking, crack coalescence, and overall sliding. Rainwater infiltration in fractured zones accelerates instability development. Numerical simulations using the Bishop and Morgenstern-Price methods, incorporating varied permeability and mechanical parameters of rock and fractured zones, demonstrate the coupled influence of pore pressure variation and stress redistribution on slope stability. Furthermore, a region-specific rainfall intensity-duration (I–D) threshold model was established and validated using rainfall and landslide records from 2020 to 2022. The model achieved a prediction accuracy of 75.44%, confirming its applicability for early warning of rainfall-induced shallow landslides. This study provides valuable theoretical insights and practical tools for landslide disaster prevention in similar high and steep mining environments, contributing to improved safety and sustainable mining operations.</p>

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Mechanism and Predicting On the High and Steep Slope Landslides Formation: A Case Study of Bayan Obo Mine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Yang Wei,
  • Zhen Lv,
  • Changfeng Li,
  • Haer Yizi,
  • Hailong Jin,
  • Chunlai Wang

摘要

The high and steep slopes in the Bayan Obo open-pit mining area are highly prone to landslides due to the combined effects of complex geological structures and intense rainfall, posing significant threats to mining safety and efficient resource utilization. To comprehensively investigate the formation and evolution mechanisms of these landslides, a multi-method approach involving field geological surveys, laboratory-scale physical model tests, and numerical simulations was adopted. In this study, the characteristics of landslide-prone zones were revealed by the ancient stratigraphy, unfavorable lithological combinations, and densely developed intersecting faults. These conditions, along with strong rainfall infiltration, elevate pore water pressure and reduce shear strength, triggering shallow slope failures. The physical model tests reproduce the full deformation process, showing four evolutionary stages: surface erosion, tensile cracking, crack coalescence, and overall sliding. Rainwater infiltration in fractured zones accelerates instability development. Numerical simulations using the Bishop and Morgenstern-Price methods, incorporating varied permeability and mechanical parameters of rock and fractured zones, demonstrate the coupled influence of pore pressure variation and stress redistribution on slope stability. Furthermore, a region-specific rainfall intensity-duration (I–D) threshold model was established and validated using rainfall and landslide records from 2020 to 2022. The model achieved a prediction accuracy of 75.44%, confirming its applicability for early warning of rainfall-induced shallow landslides. This study provides valuable theoretical insights and practical tools for landslide disaster prevention in similar high and steep mining environments, contributing to improved safety and sustainable mining operations.