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<p>The optimization of open-pit metal mining transportation systems is pivotal for enhancing economic viability, operational efficiency, and environmental stewardship. While the traditional Truck-Shovel (TS) system remains prevalent, the In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (IPCC) system presents a transformative alternative with significant potential. This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the advancements in both TS and IPCC systems, critically evaluating their performance across economic, safety, social, and environmental dimensions. Given the promise of IPCC technology, the review dedicates particular focus to its core optimization challenges: (i) determining the Ultimate Pit Limit (UPL) integrated with conveyor layout, (ii) optimizing the transition depth and crusher location, and (iii) synchronizing production scheduling with crusher relocation strategies. We synthesize a wide body of literature to analyze the strengths and limitations of prevalent optimization methodologies, from classical algorithms to modern stochastic and integrated frameworks. Furthermore, the paper identifies and discusses persistent challenges in transportation process evaluation and system-wide IPCC optimization. Finally, we propose a forward-looking research agenda aimed at developing intelligent, sustainable, and integrated transportation systems for the deep open-pit mines of the future. This work aims to serve as a foundational reference for mine planners considering IPCC implementation and to chart a course for future academic inquiry in open-pit mine transportation optimization.</p>

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Evaluation and Optimization of In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (IPCC) Systems in Open-pit Metal Mining: a Systematic Literature Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Xin Wang,
  • Ben Li,
  • Fei Wang,
  • Yuan Zhang,
  • Lin Bi,
  • Bibo Dai,
  • Guoquan Sun,
  • Peng Shi

摘要

The optimization of open-pit metal mining transportation systems is pivotal for enhancing economic viability, operational efficiency, and environmental stewardship. While the traditional Truck-Shovel (TS) system remains prevalent, the In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (IPCC) system presents a transformative alternative with significant potential. This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the advancements in both TS and IPCC systems, critically evaluating their performance across economic, safety, social, and environmental dimensions. Given the promise of IPCC technology, the review dedicates particular focus to its core optimization challenges: (i) determining the Ultimate Pit Limit (UPL) integrated with conveyor layout, (ii) optimizing the transition depth and crusher location, and (iii) synchronizing production scheduling with crusher relocation strategies. We synthesize a wide body of literature to analyze the strengths and limitations of prevalent optimization methodologies, from classical algorithms to modern stochastic and integrated frameworks. Furthermore, the paper identifies and discusses persistent challenges in transportation process evaluation and system-wide IPCC optimization. Finally, we propose a forward-looking research agenda aimed at developing intelligent, sustainable, and integrated transportation systems for the deep open-pit mines of the future. This work aims to serve as a foundational reference for mine planners considering IPCC implementation and to chart a course for future academic inquiry in open-pit mine transportation optimization.