<p>In coal mine roadways, the anchorage performance of rockbolts under pullout loading is affected by multiple factors, making it crucial to understand the anchorage behavior throughout the full pull-out process. This study analyzed the effects of rock strength, embedment length, rockbolt diameter, and grout strength on the failure mode, load-displacement responses, and axial stress distribution of fully grouted rockbolting systems through pull-out tests. The results show that increasing rock strength shifts the failure mode from anchorage body pull-out and rock splitting to rockbolt pull-out, while causing the axial stress distribution to become more nonlinear and more concentrated near the loaded end. Notably, increasing rockbolt diameter significantly enhances the load-bearing capacity and interfacial shear stiffness without altering the failure mode. During the elastic stage, the pull-out load increases significantly with greater anchorage length and higher grout strength. In the yield-strengthening stages, however, the increase in load becomes limited, and failure mode shifts from interfacial debonding to rockbolt breakage. Both embedment length and grout strength significantly affect the pull-out response; embedment length more strongly influences the ultimate pull-out load, whereas grout strength more effectively restrains interfacial slip and deformation. Based on these experimental data, a new numerical model was established to characterize the full-process mechanical response of rockbolts. The simulation results agree well with the test data and successfully capture interfacial decoupling, crack propagation, and axial stress evolution during progressive failure. The proposed model provides theoretical support for the optimized design of rockbolt support systems.</p>