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<p>The study focuses on a cost-effective solution for small-scale basalt quarry operations due to the high demand in eastern India. The present study attempts to characterize near-surface basaltic rock formation using combined electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and seismic refraction tomography (SRT) methods for the basalt stone quarry at Hatgacha, over the Rajmahal Trap, India. Initially, ERT analysis was conducted along a 630&#xa0;m profile at 10&#xa0;m electrode spacing using Wenner, Schlumberger, Dipole–Dipole, Gradient, and joint inversion of combined arrays. In addition, a part of the same profile, between reduced distance (RD) 50–390&#xa0;m with 2&#xa0;m electrode spacing, was selected for high-resolution mapping of basaltic rock mass using an ERT study. An SRT study was also carried out between RD 50–390&#xa0;m, for high-resolution mapping of the basaltic rock mass based on P-wave velocity distribution. Finally, based on the combined analysis of high-resolution ERT and SRT results, a schematic geological section between RD 50–390&#xa0;m was generated. The model suggests 4 subsurface layers. Topmost layer (Layer-1), with low resistivity of 15–90 Ωm and low P-wave velocity of 300–1500&#xa0;m/s, indicates overburden/topsoil/alluvium/laterite crust. Layer-2, with moderate resistivity of 90–120 Ωm and moderate P-wave velocity of 1500–2000&#xa0;m/s, is interpreted as highly weathered, jointed/fractured basalt. Layer-3, with relatively higher resistivity of 120–210 Ωm and higher P-wave velocity of 2000–4200&#xa0;m/s, is interpreted as moderately weathered, jointed/fractured basalt. Layer-4, with the relatively highest resistivity of 210–285 Ωm and the highest P-wave velocity of 4200–6000&#xa0;m/s, is interpreted as relatively compact and massive basalt. Accordingly, a test drilling/trenching was conducted at RD 210&#xa0;m. Lastly, an open-cast mining quarry over RD 190–250&#xa0;m was carried out. Interestingly, both the geological drillhole and the open-cast mining quarry validate the established geological section, supporting quarry planning and economic extraction strategies for a small firm.</p>

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Combined Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Refraction Tomography Study for Basalt Stone Quarry in a Part of Rajmahal Trap, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Piyush Priyam,
  • Rajwardhan Kumar,
  • Saurabh Srivastava,
  • S. K. Pal,
  • Shalivahan

摘要

The study focuses on a cost-effective solution for small-scale basalt quarry operations due to the high demand in eastern India. The present study attempts to characterize near-surface basaltic rock formation using combined electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and seismic refraction tomography (SRT) methods for the basalt stone quarry at Hatgacha, over the Rajmahal Trap, India. Initially, ERT analysis was conducted along a 630 m profile at 10 m electrode spacing using Wenner, Schlumberger, Dipole–Dipole, Gradient, and joint inversion of combined arrays. In addition, a part of the same profile, between reduced distance (RD) 50–390 m with 2 m electrode spacing, was selected for high-resolution mapping of basaltic rock mass using an ERT study. An SRT study was also carried out between RD 50–390 m, for high-resolution mapping of the basaltic rock mass based on P-wave velocity distribution. Finally, based on the combined analysis of high-resolution ERT and SRT results, a schematic geological section between RD 50–390 m was generated. The model suggests 4 subsurface layers. Topmost layer (Layer-1), with low resistivity of 15–90 Ωm and low P-wave velocity of 300–1500 m/s, indicates overburden/topsoil/alluvium/laterite crust. Layer-2, with moderate resistivity of 90–120 Ωm and moderate P-wave velocity of 1500–2000 m/s, is interpreted as highly weathered, jointed/fractured basalt. Layer-3, with relatively higher resistivity of 120–210 Ωm and higher P-wave velocity of 2000–4200 m/s, is interpreted as moderately weathered, jointed/fractured basalt. Layer-4, with the relatively highest resistivity of 210–285 Ωm and the highest P-wave velocity of 4200–6000 m/s, is interpreted as relatively compact and massive basalt. Accordingly, a test drilling/trenching was conducted at RD 210 m. Lastly, an open-cast mining quarry over RD 190–250 m was carried out. Interestingly, both the geological drillhole and the open-cast mining quarry validate the established geological section, supporting quarry planning and economic extraction strategies for a small firm.