<p>Abandoned coal mines still have a large amount of residual resources underground, Including energy resources dominated by coalbed methane, groundwater and geothermal energy, as well as space infrastructure dominated by roadways, caverns and goaves. The article organizes the types and features of underground residual resources in abandoned coal mines, summarizes the working characteristics and space needs of various mining processes, takes the 606-level roadway of the Yangquan No.3 coal mine as the research object, selects representative areas, establishes the segment model of the space of abandoned coal mines by using the space syntax software Depthmap + Beta 1.0 2012, analyzes the spatial characteristics and grouping relations of 606-level roadway based on the parameter values of Choice, Integration, and Step Depth and explores its change law. The article identified several patterns: high-Choice spaces have strong transportation and logistics capabilities and are suitable for traffic space; high-Integration spaces have strong coordination capabilities and can better regulate mining and utilization processes; high-Step Depth spaces have high closure and stability effect and can store unstable substances and house precision instruments; and low-Step Depth spaces are easily accessible to personnel action behavior. Subsequently, by combining mine spaces with varying traffic capacities, storage capacities, stability, and accessibility with five utilization directions—coalbed methane extraction, groundwater storage, geothermal energy utilize, general items storage, and compressed air storage—the design achieves a coupled approach to the extraction of residual resources and the utilization of space infrastructure.</p>