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<p>In response to the high cost and performance issues of backfill materials in an underground coal mine, this paper utilizes coal-based solid waste and alkali-activated material to produce alkali-activated cemented paste backfill (ACPB) materials, and adopts alkali activation to reduce the cement content in the backfill material, thereby reducing the cost of the backfill material. The influence of various factors on the performance of ACPB is analyzed through laboratory tests and theoretical analysis. A multivariate nonlinear model is established to describe the relationships between different performance indexes and factors. The Sobol algorithm is utilized to analyze factor sensitivities, and a multi-objective optimization method of material ratio combining sobol and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms (NSGA) was proposed. A low-cost ACPB material ratio that meets the basic requirements of backfill is obtained through multi-objective optimization. The activation and hydration mechanisms of ACPB are investigated using scanning electron microscopy, revealing the enhancing effect of alkali activation on material strength. Based on the Sobol-NSGA multi-objective optimization method, an optimal ratio of ACPB is determined: slurry concentration of 78.56%, fly ash content of 29.91%, alkali activator content of 2.04%, and cement content of 6.52%. Test validation demonstrates that the performance indexes of the optimal ratio meet the target requirement, with a uniaxial compressive strength of 3.31&#xa0;MPa, slump of 189.35&#xa0;mm, water bleeding rate of 3.63%, and setting time of 149&#xa0;min. Furthermore, the cost of the backfill material is reduced from 85.85 CNY/t to 65.43 CNY/t.</p>

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Multi-Objective Ratio Optimization of Alkali-Activated Cemented Paste Backfill Mixtures Using the Sobol and Non-Dominated Sorting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Hao Liu,
  • Xuejie Deng,
  • Tongda Zheng,
  • Ning Jia,
  • Qingxue Zheng,
  • Xiuguo Tian,
  • Benjamin de Wit

摘要

In response to the high cost and performance issues of backfill materials in an underground coal mine, this paper utilizes coal-based solid waste and alkali-activated material to produce alkali-activated cemented paste backfill (ACPB) materials, and adopts alkali activation to reduce the cement content in the backfill material, thereby reducing the cost of the backfill material. The influence of various factors on the performance of ACPB is analyzed through laboratory tests and theoretical analysis. A multivariate nonlinear model is established to describe the relationships between different performance indexes and factors. The Sobol algorithm is utilized to analyze factor sensitivities, and a multi-objective optimization method of material ratio combining sobol and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms (NSGA) was proposed. A low-cost ACPB material ratio that meets the basic requirements of backfill is obtained through multi-objective optimization. The activation and hydration mechanisms of ACPB are investigated using scanning electron microscopy, revealing the enhancing effect of alkali activation on material strength. Based on the Sobol-NSGA multi-objective optimization method, an optimal ratio of ACPB is determined: slurry concentration of 78.56%, fly ash content of 29.91%, alkali activator content of 2.04%, and cement content of 6.52%. Test validation demonstrates that the performance indexes of the optimal ratio meet the target requirement, with a uniaxial compressive strength of 3.31 MPa, slump of 189.35 mm, water bleeding rate of 3.63%, and setting time of 149 min. Furthermore, the cost of the backfill material is reduced from 85.85 CNY/t to 65.43 CNY/t.