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<p>This study aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the collapse patterns and instability criteria of roof and floor strata during the extraction of near-vertical coal seams, with the ultimate objective of providing scientific guidance for predicting and controlling roof-floor behavior in mining operations. By analyzing the mechanical responses of roof and floor strata under the combined effects of dip angle and mining-induced disturbances following horizontal sublevel mining, this research explores the collapse mechanisms of these strata, develops a roof toppling and floor slumping mechanical model, identifies the instability conditions associated with different failure modes, and proposes criteria for roof toppling and floor slumping. The findings are validated through numerical simulations and field measurements, thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for controlling roof and floor stability in near-vertical coal seam mining. The results indicate that the roof is prone to toppling failure under the joint influence of dip angle and mining disturbances, whereas the floor is more susceptible to slumping failure due to repeated mining impacts. Roof failure is primarily governed by shearing and tensile mechanisms. By analyzing the mechanical relationships along the failure surface at the roof base, the critical conditions for roof tensile and shear failure are determined. Additionally, the relationship between shear strength and normal stress at the floor base is examined, leading to the establishment of discriminant conditions for floor slumping failure. Using UDEC numerical simulation software, the collapse characteristics of roof and floor under varying sublevel heights are analyzed, revealing the associated stress evolution patterns and validating the proposed collapse models. Furthermore, on-site roof separation monitoring is employed to determine roof displacement under mining influence, providing data to support real-time monitoring and early warning of roof and floor instability. These outcomes not only advance the theoretical understanding of roof and floor stability in near-vertical coal seam mining but also provide practical guidance for maintaining stability in actual mining operations.</p>

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Study on Instability Criterion of Roof and Floor Toppling-Slumping in Near-Vertical Coal Seams Mining

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Qiang Li,
  • Shengli Yang,
  • Yongkai Zhao,
  • Hao Yue,
  • Weijie Wei

摘要

This study aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the collapse patterns and instability criteria of roof and floor strata during the extraction of near-vertical coal seams, with the ultimate objective of providing scientific guidance for predicting and controlling roof-floor behavior in mining operations. By analyzing the mechanical responses of roof and floor strata under the combined effects of dip angle and mining-induced disturbances following horizontal sublevel mining, this research explores the collapse mechanisms of these strata, develops a roof toppling and floor slumping mechanical model, identifies the instability conditions associated with different failure modes, and proposes criteria for roof toppling and floor slumping. The findings are validated through numerical simulations and field measurements, thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for controlling roof and floor stability in near-vertical coal seam mining. The results indicate that the roof is prone to toppling failure under the joint influence of dip angle and mining disturbances, whereas the floor is more susceptible to slumping failure due to repeated mining impacts. Roof failure is primarily governed by shearing and tensile mechanisms. By analyzing the mechanical relationships along the failure surface at the roof base, the critical conditions for roof tensile and shear failure are determined. Additionally, the relationship between shear strength and normal stress at the floor base is examined, leading to the establishment of discriminant conditions for floor slumping failure. Using UDEC numerical simulation software, the collapse characteristics of roof and floor under varying sublevel heights are analyzed, revealing the associated stress evolution patterns and validating the proposed collapse models. Furthermore, on-site roof separation monitoring is employed to determine roof displacement under mining influence, providing data to support real-time monitoring and early warning of roof and floor instability. These outcomes not only advance the theoretical understanding of roof and floor stability in near-vertical coal seam mining but also provide practical guidance for maintaining stability in actual mining operations.