<p>With the increasing depth of coal mining and advancements in gas extraction technology, the development of effective hole sealing materials has become crucial for both gas extraction efficiency and coal mine safety. Recently, multi-source polymer materials, encompassing both organic and inorganic polymers, have become the focus of research owing to their distinct physical and chemical properties. Organic polymers, including polyurethane, polyacrylamide, and epoxy resin, are frequently employed for sealing applications due to their superior plasticity, elasticity, adhesion, and ease of application. These materials can be cured at low temperatures to seal borehole cracks, thereby providing strong airtightness and impermeability. Furthermore, modifications using nanoparticles or functional groups can enhance their mechanical strength, high-temperature resistance, and long-term stability, thereby making them more suitable for complex coal seam environments. Inorganic polymers, such as geopolymers and mineral-based materials, are valued for their high-temperature stability and corrosion resistance. Geopolymers, in particular, are environmentally friendly, exhibiting high compressive strength, chemical resistance, and low carbon emissions. The use of these materials in sealing applications improves deformation resistance and airtightness by forming stable chemical bonds with the coal body. The combination of organic and inorganic polymer composites has garnered increased attention due to their synergistic performance, providing enhanced sealing properties for gas extraction applications. The application of organic and inorganic polymer composites has also attracted increased attention in recent years. These materials demonstrate complementary performance characteristics.</p>