<p>The increasing global demand for primary metals, coupled with declining ore grades and deeper ore extraction, has led to more complex processing requirements, resulting in higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the mining and mineral processing industries. A comprehensive life cycle assessment was conducted to evaluate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from mining and mineral processing at a typical underground antimony gold mine in southern China. The bottom-up method estimated results revealed that the GHG emissions from mining and mineral processing at the underground mine were 25.78 kgCO₂e/t ore and 23.43 kgCO₂e/t ore, respectively, while the top-down method estimated results showed that the total GHG emissions of the whole mine was 51.87 kgCO₂e/t ore. Loading and hauling, grinding, and flotation were the three primary stages, and the GHG emissions of which was over 50% of total GHG emissions. Moreover, the study identified steel, cement, wood, and chemicals as the principal contributors to GHG emissions in Scope III, accounting for 27.1%—an aspect overlooked in previous research. The relationship between GHG emission intensity and ore grade revealed that a marked surge in GHG intensity appeared when the ore grade fell below a specific threshold, offering miners a tool to establish boundary grades based on the minimum GHG emissions. Ultimately, the study proposed three strategies to mitigate GHG emissions from mining activities, i.e., enhancing energy utilization, optimizing production processes, and maximizing the integrated use of ore resources. These insights contributed to promoting the sustainability in mining industry and reducing the environmental impact of mining and mineral processing.</p>