<p>Vanadium, frequently referred to as the “industrial vitamin,” is a crucial strategic metal valued for its multifaceted applications in industries such as alloys, steel production, energy storage, medicine, chemicals, ceramics, and pigments. As demand rises, concerns about potential supply shortages are increasing. This has led to intensified efforts to identify alternative sources of vanadium and develop effective processing methods. Vanadium and its derivatives are primarily sourced as by-products from the processing of aluminum, titanium, and iron ores, as well as from refinery petcoke. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in extracting vanadium from a variety of waste materials, including spent catalysts, industrial wastewater, mine tailings, metallurgical slag, sludge, fly ash, and alloy scraps. This article highlights the potential for vanadium extraction from these secondary resources and explores the various extraction techniques being investigated, along with the challenges associated with purifying vanadium from such complex materials.</p>