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<p>To address the challenges of disasters in rock blasting, especially the low energy utilization rate of explosives, leading to high boulder rates and serious brow line damage in deep hole blasting, a self-swelling cartridge (SSC) was developed for blasthole stemming. Compared to traditional stemming materials, SSC indicates that it possesses greater volumetric stiffness, significantly increasing the peak pressure of the explosion gases and expanding the range of the gas wedge effect, thereby improving blasting performance. In situ blasting experiments at the Meishan Iron Mine were carried out to compare the performance of self-swelling cartridges with traditional clay stemming. The experiments also assessed the effects of different SSC positions and varying charge amounts in upward medium-deep hole blasting. Experimental results showed that, in terms of blasting vibration, fragmentation size, brow line damage index, and carbon monoxide production, the SSC performed significantly better than clay stemming. The optimal stemming position for the SSC is 0.5&#xa0;m from the explosive, which not only reduces blasting vibration but also protects the integrity of the brow. As the charge amount decreases with the use of the SSC, both blasting vibration and carbon monoxide concentration decrease, effectively protecting the brow. Compared to clay stemming, using the SSC with a 10% reduction in charge amount not only maintains the ore extraction volume but also improves fragmentation, reduces blasting vibration, brow line damage index, and carbon monoxide concentration. This research provides a new stemming material and construction method for rock blasting, significantly improving explosive energy utilization and reducing disaster risks in tunnel excavation and underground mining.</p>

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Rock Fragmentation Efficiency and Hazards Improved by Blast Stemming Using Self-Swelling Cartridge: Mechanism and Deep-Hole Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月2日

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  • Runran Li,
  • Shuai Xu,
  • Kai Liu,
  • Zhangchao Li,
  • Guojun Zhu

摘要

To address the challenges of disasters in rock blasting, especially the low energy utilization rate of explosives, leading to high boulder rates and serious brow line damage in deep hole blasting, a self-swelling cartridge (SSC) was developed for blasthole stemming. Compared to traditional stemming materials, SSC indicates that it possesses greater volumetric stiffness, significantly increasing the peak pressure of the explosion gases and expanding the range of the gas wedge effect, thereby improving blasting performance. In situ blasting experiments at the Meishan Iron Mine were carried out to compare the performance of self-swelling cartridges with traditional clay stemming. The experiments also assessed the effects of different SSC positions and varying charge amounts in upward medium-deep hole blasting. Experimental results showed that, in terms of blasting vibration, fragmentation size, brow line damage index, and carbon monoxide production, the SSC performed significantly better than clay stemming. The optimal stemming position for the SSC is 0.5 m from the explosive, which not only reduces blasting vibration but also protects the integrity of the brow. As the charge amount decreases with the use of the SSC, both blasting vibration and carbon monoxide concentration decrease, effectively protecting the brow. Compared to clay stemming, using the SSC with a 10% reduction in charge amount not only maintains the ore extraction volume but also improves fragmentation, reduces blasting vibration, brow line damage index, and carbon monoxide concentration. This research provides a new stemming material and construction method for rock blasting, significantly improving explosive energy utilization and reducing disaster risks in tunnel excavation and underground mining.