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<p>Marine ecosystems harbor evolutionarily distinct immune molecules that offer unprecedented opportunities for tackling non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Chief among these are shark-derived Variable New Antigen Receptors (VNARs) and lamprey-derived Variable Lymphocyte Receptors (VLRBs), adaptive immune architectures that evolved independently from immunoglobulin-based antibodies. Their compact size, exceptional stability, and unconventional binding surfaces enable access to cryptic or highly conserved epitopes, while their evolutionary divergence from mammalian systems minimizes cross-reactivity and enhances re-administration potential. These properties make VNARs and VLRBs true biomedical platforms, which are engineerable for precision diagnostics, mechanistic research, and targeted therapies. In diagnostics, they serve as the basis for robust biosensors, imaging probes, and flow cytometry reagents capable of operating in harsh or high-temperature environments. As research tools, they provide unique probes for tracking intracellular enzymes, mapping post-translational modifications, and studying receptor dynamics in NCD pathophysiology. Therapeutically, they possess the capacity to penetrate dense tissues and cross physiological barriers such as the blood–brain barrier, enabling novel strategies against cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegeneration, including bispecific constructs, immune checkpoint modulators, and drug delivery vehicles. Marine-derived antibodies demonstrate how evolutionary diversity can inform the development of innovative biomedical platforms. Their integration into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment landscape for NCDs will depend on rigorous preclinical and clinical evaluation, robust and scalable production processes, and thorough safety profiling across diverse clinical settings.</p>

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Evolutionarily distinct marine antibody platforms for the diagnosis, research, and treatment of non-communicable diseases

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Muhammad Iqhrammullah,
  • Aida Dama,
  • Era Gorica,
  • Juan Fransiscus Wira,
  • Derren David Christian Homenta Rampengan,
  • Said Ali Akbar,
  • Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi,
  • Antonello Santini,
  • Fahrul Nurkolis

摘要

Marine ecosystems harbor evolutionarily distinct immune molecules that offer unprecedented opportunities for tackling non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Chief among these are shark-derived Variable New Antigen Receptors (VNARs) and lamprey-derived Variable Lymphocyte Receptors (VLRBs), adaptive immune architectures that evolved independently from immunoglobulin-based antibodies. Their compact size, exceptional stability, and unconventional binding surfaces enable access to cryptic or highly conserved epitopes, while their evolutionary divergence from mammalian systems minimizes cross-reactivity and enhances re-administration potential. These properties make VNARs and VLRBs true biomedical platforms, which are engineerable for precision diagnostics, mechanistic research, and targeted therapies. In diagnostics, they serve as the basis for robust biosensors, imaging probes, and flow cytometry reagents capable of operating in harsh or high-temperature environments. As research tools, they provide unique probes for tracking intracellular enzymes, mapping post-translational modifications, and studying receptor dynamics in NCD pathophysiology. Therapeutically, they possess the capacity to penetrate dense tissues and cross physiological barriers such as the blood–brain barrier, enabling novel strategies against cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegeneration, including bispecific constructs, immune checkpoint modulators, and drug delivery vehicles. Marine-derived antibodies demonstrate how evolutionary diversity can inform the development of innovative biomedical platforms. Their integration into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment landscape for NCDs will depend on rigorous preclinical and clinical evaluation, robust and scalable production processes, and thorough safety profiling across diverse clinical settings.