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<p>Current digital representations of ancient architectural construction techniques remain largely static, lacking a computationally comprehensible representation of the mechanical logic and component relationships within the construction process. To address this, this paper takes ancient opera stage buildings as the research subject and constructs a physics engine-based dynamic simulation and digital interactive system for ancient architectural construction techniques, based on a constraint dynamics solver. Through parametric modeling of components, mechanical representation of mortise and tenon joint constraint sets, and a state update mechanism under iterative solving, a dynamic computational framework for the force relationships and motion behaviors between components is established. Furthermore, a temporal construction inference model is applied to drive the automated deduction and real-time interactive mapping of construction steps in virtual space. Experimental results show that in the simulation performance verification, the radial path deviation of the components initially converges from 4.85&#xa0;mm to 0.42&#xa0;mm within 0–2&#xa0;s, and after external disturbance, the deviation falls back from 3.80&#xa0;mm to 0.45&#xa0;mm within 0.8&#xa0;s, demonstrating the model’s dynamic correction capability under disturbance conditions. Across ten independent simulation runs with randomized initial perturbation seeds, the mean radial path deviation at convergence measured 0.44&#xa0;mm with a standard deviation of 0.07&#xa0;mm and a 95% confidence interval of [0.39&#xa0;mm, 0.49&#xa0;mm], and the mean recovery time after external disturbance measured 0.79&#xa0;s with a standard deviation of 0.06&#xa0;s and a 95% confidence interval of [0.75&#xa0;s, 0.83&#xa0;s]. In terms of interactive performance, the total latency of the complex assembly task was controlled at 16.60 ms, which verified the performance reliability of the research method in the complete construction process. Based on ten repeated measurements of the complex assembly task, the mean total latency measured 16.58 ms with a standard deviation of 0.52 ms and a 95% confidence interval of [16.21 ms, 16.95 ms]. The method realized the process-oriented, computable and interactive digital revitalization expression of traditional opera stage buildings construction techniques, and the validation demonstrated the approach’s effectiveness for this specific Yuan Dynasty timber-frame building type.</p>

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Research on the design and construction of a dynamic simulation and digital interaction system for ancient architectural construction techniques based on physical engine

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月19日

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  • Zhihui Guo,
  • Xiaoting Li,
  • Le Zheng

摘要

Current digital representations of ancient architectural construction techniques remain largely static, lacking a computationally comprehensible representation of the mechanical logic and component relationships within the construction process. To address this, this paper takes ancient opera stage buildings as the research subject and constructs a physics engine-based dynamic simulation and digital interactive system for ancient architectural construction techniques, based on a constraint dynamics solver. Through parametric modeling of components, mechanical representation of mortise and tenon joint constraint sets, and a state update mechanism under iterative solving, a dynamic computational framework for the force relationships and motion behaviors between components is established. Furthermore, a temporal construction inference model is applied to drive the automated deduction and real-time interactive mapping of construction steps in virtual space. Experimental results show that in the simulation performance verification, the radial path deviation of the components initially converges from 4.85 mm to 0.42 mm within 0–2 s, and after external disturbance, the deviation falls back from 3.80 mm to 0.45 mm within 0.8 s, demonstrating the model’s dynamic correction capability under disturbance conditions. Across ten independent simulation runs with randomized initial perturbation seeds, the mean radial path deviation at convergence measured 0.44 mm with a standard deviation of 0.07 mm and a 95% confidence interval of [0.39 mm, 0.49 mm], and the mean recovery time after external disturbance measured 0.79 s with a standard deviation of 0.06 s and a 95% confidence interval of [0.75 s, 0.83 s]. In terms of interactive performance, the total latency of the complex assembly task was controlled at 16.60 ms, which verified the performance reliability of the research method in the complete construction process. Based on ten repeated measurements of the complex assembly task, the mean total latency measured 16.58 ms with a standard deviation of 0.52 ms and a 95% confidence interval of [16.21 ms, 16.95 ms]. The method realized the process-oriented, computable and interactive digital revitalization expression of traditional opera stage buildings construction techniques, and the validation demonstrated the approach’s effectiveness for this specific Yuan Dynasty timber-frame building type.