Scholarlink

<p>Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks play a crucial role in file sharing and video streaming because their decentralized structure enhances scalability and reduces server load. Despite these advantages, slow content delivery due to packet loss and network congestion remains a major challenge. This study advances an existing mathematical model for P2P streaming by incorporating the effects of packet loss and congestion on bandwidth efficiency to numerically quantify bandwidth magnitude. The model’s solutions were analyzed under the Lipschitz continuity condition to establish existence and uniqueness. Multiple network steady states were derived, and their stabilities were examined in the context of streaming performance. The stability analysis revealed that although a partial network with a failed parent peer remains stable, both ideal networks and partial networks with failed root peers are unstable; overall stability in P2P streaming is preserved only when all peers remain active. The model was numerically solved using the Adams–Bashforth method implemented in Python, and the results showed strong agreement with the RK4 method. Furthermore, simulations indicated that bandwidth magnitude is significantly affected by packet loss rates, and chaotic attractor plots demonstrated that bandwidth is highly sensitive to congestion across different peer stages.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Numerical investigation and performance analysis of bandwidth efficiency in P2P streaming systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

查看全文
  • Morufu Oyedunsi Olayiwola,
  • Oluwafolake Ojo,
  • Mutahir Oluwafemi Mukhtar Abanikannda,
  • Adedapo Ismaila Alaje

摘要

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks play a crucial role in file sharing and video streaming because their decentralized structure enhances scalability and reduces server load. Despite these advantages, slow content delivery due to packet loss and network congestion remains a major challenge. This study advances an existing mathematical model for P2P streaming by incorporating the effects of packet loss and congestion on bandwidth efficiency to numerically quantify bandwidth magnitude. The model’s solutions were analyzed under the Lipschitz continuity condition to establish existence and uniqueness. Multiple network steady states were derived, and their stabilities were examined in the context of streaming performance. The stability analysis revealed that although a partial network with a failed parent peer remains stable, both ideal networks and partial networks with failed root peers are unstable; overall stability in P2P streaming is preserved only when all peers remain active. The model was numerically solved using the Adams–Bashforth method implemented in Python, and the results showed strong agreement with the RK4 method. Furthermore, simulations indicated that bandwidth magnitude is significantly affected by packet loss rates, and chaotic attractor plots demonstrated that bandwidth is highly sensitive to congestion across different peer stages.