<p>Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) remain an important problem for public health because of their high incidence, frequent recurrence, and increasing cost of treatment. Women, senior citizens, patients with weak immune systems, and those who have used urinary catheters for a long period of time are frequently affected by these infections. Along with several kinds of other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the most frequent source causing UTIs is uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains have been significantly enhanced by the increasing reliance on clinical antibiotic therapy, which frequently occurs without sufficient microbiological identification. Additionally, the production of bacterial biofilms on urothelial surfaces and healthcare products is a significant treatment challenge since these biofilms decrease the penetration of antibiotics and protect bacteria from host defence mechanisms, which causes continual and chronic infections. New opportunities for better UTI diagnosis and therapy have been made possible by recent advances in nanotechnology. Various nanoparticle systems have demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity and ability to breakdown biofilms, including metallic, polymeric, lipid-based, and carbon-based nanomaterials. These nanocarriers work by damaging bacterial membranes, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), releasing regulated antimicrobials, and enhancing the efficiency of antibiotics. Intravesical and mucoadhesive systems are examples of targeted and localised delivery methods that improve drug absorption at infection sites while decreasing systemic adverse effects. Nanoparticle-based methods have great potential to overcome antibiotic resistance and improve UTI control, although continuing safety and clinical translation challenges.</p>