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<p>In this work, we study the dynamics of an infinitesimal mass in the circular restricted three-body problem where the more massive primary is radiating and the less massive primary is modeled as a heterogeneous spheroid composed of four distinct layers with radiation reflection (albedo effect). Using a rotating coordinate framework, the equations of motion are derived and the existence and linear stability of equilibrium points are examined. The system admits five equilibrium points, consisting of three collinear and two non-collinear configurations. The collinear equilibrium points are found to be linearly unstable for all admissible parameter values, whereas the non-collinear equilibrium points exhibit stability only within a limited parameter range. The combined effects of radiation pressure, albedo, and internal structure on the locations and stability of equilibrium configurations are analyzed. As an application, the model is applied to the Sun–Earth system by treating Earth as a layered, non-black body, and it is shown that the equilibrium structure is governed primarily by radiation effects, while the influence of Earth’s internal layering is negligible for realistic physical parameters. These results provide a generalized theoretical framework for understanding equilibrium dynamics in planetary systems with radiating and structurally complex primaries.</p>

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Dynamics of an infinitesimal mass near equilibrium points in a radiating heterogeneous binary system with the albedo effect

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • M. Javed Idrisi,
  • Keshav Kaushik,
  • Advin Masih,
  • Dawit Beza

摘要

In this work, we study the dynamics of an infinitesimal mass in the circular restricted three-body problem where the more massive primary is radiating and the less massive primary is modeled as a heterogeneous spheroid composed of four distinct layers with radiation reflection (albedo effect). Using a rotating coordinate framework, the equations of motion are derived and the existence and linear stability of equilibrium points are examined. The system admits five equilibrium points, consisting of three collinear and two non-collinear configurations. The collinear equilibrium points are found to be linearly unstable for all admissible parameter values, whereas the non-collinear equilibrium points exhibit stability only within a limited parameter range. The combined effects of radiation pressure, albedo, and internal structure on the locations and stability of equilibrium configurations are analyzed. As an application, the model is applied to the Sun–Earth system by treating Earth as a layered, non-black body, and it is shown that the equilibrium structure is governed primarily by radiation effects, while the influence of Earth’s internal layering is negligible for realistic physical parameters. These results provide a generalized theoretical framework for understanding equilibrium dynamics in planetary systems with radiating and structurally complex primaries.